雅安市環保局局長用英語怎麼翻譯

1. 環保局 用英語怎麼說

縮寫為EPB=Environmental Protection Bureau

2. 英語泛讀教程第二版第二冊第三單元的課文翻譯《Recycling》高等教育出版社的 急！！！！！！！！！！！！

垃圾回收是20世紀後期最成功的環境保護事例之一。如今，道路垃圾回收計劃已經觸及美國大多數人。事實上，回收傢具垃圾的人比參加競選投票的人更多。全國范圍內，普通群眾們的努力帶來了大量的物質材料。垃圾回收，包括混合堆肥，在1996年改變了5700噸原來要進入廢物填充地或焚燒爐的材料的命運，這一數據在1990年為3400萬噸——僅僅6年增長了67%。由垃圾回收和混合堆肥帶來的材料處理的轉換率，預計到2005年為8500萬噸，即所有固體廢物的35%。要理解這一數量有多大，想像裝滿回收材料的3英尺長（27立方英尺）的回收箱一個接一個整齊地推成一列，形成從地球到月亮的橋梁。在1996年，這些箱子可以達到這座橋的3/4。當我們達到2005年35%的回收目標時，填滿可回收物的箱子就能達到月球了。垃圾回收值得這所有的努力嗎？創造利潤是唯一的底線嗎？一些觀察員提出，眼下的利潤是衡量成功的唯一標准。這種觀點只考慮一個單獨的回收計劃如何影響一個社區的全部垃圾管理費用，與之相比的是另一種選擇，即將一切都送往廢物填充地或焚燒爐造成的費用。其他一些觀察員建議使用更開闊的視角看待垃圾回收利用的費用和益處。
雖然大部分成功的垃圾回收計劃經驗不一，但是，包括很多具有高垃圾轉化率的計劃在內，都是經濟上可行並確實創造了利潤。回收物品的市場不可避免地起伏不定。為了一定程度上防止垃圾回收計劃受到市場嚴重搖擺不定的影響，垃圾回收計劃的效率必須不斷提高。在接下來的十年裡，參與垃圾回收的社區的目標之一是，鑒定並復制傳播決定成功的因素。

舉國上下都在努力學習和採用最高效的垃圾回收計劃所運用的辦法，那麼發現垃圾回收已經取得的很多經濟和環境的好處就尤為重要。很多好處可能在不細致的觀察員看來不明顯，或者因為市政的會計結算和稅收特點難以理解，或者在城市和垃圾回收人員的合同的市場價格上沒能反映出來。比如，回收利用飲料容器節省的全部能源就沒有包括在道路垃圾回收合同協商的價格中回收利用固體垃圾的好處同樣適用於包括由自治地區管理的，如工業廢棄物、建築廢墟、拆毀廢墟和農業廢棄物之類以及其他一系列垃圾的回收利用。從這些原料中回收的材料還可以增強這個星球和子孫後代的可持續性。
回收固體垃圾的好處至少可以分為8類。回收利用可以：

* 減少對肥料填充地的需求；

* 防止多種空氣污染和睡污染的排出；

* 節約能源；

* 為工業生產提供有價值的原材料；

* 創造就業機會；

* 減少溫室氣體的排放；

* 促進更加環保的技術的發明；

* 為子孫後代的未來保留資源。
20世紀70、80和90年代，垃圾回收業一直是一個增長的工業。垃圾回收並不是一股熱潮。到1996年，7000多個道路垃圾採集項目服務了大約一半的美國人。那一年，包括混合堆肥在內的垃圾回收轉移了27%——超過1/4——全國固體垃圾的去向。
但是垃圾回收利用並不新鮮，從有記錄的歷史起它就存在著。在大規模生產之前，各家各戶就慣常修理、重新使用和回收利用它們所擁有的材料，這是經濟上的需要。至於現在，命脈工業依賴於回收利用，比如，直到19世紀後期，碎布是造紙業所需纖維的主要來源。零售商收集壓扁的鐵箱，回收利用製成裝運容器。廢料廠一直高效地回收利用舊的汽車、汽車零件和其他的金屬物品。一戰和二戰給垃圾回收利用事業帶來了短暫的熱潮，因為廢料收集車收集紙張、金屬和一些別的材料以支助戰爭。戰後，垃圾收集車衰減。20世紀60年代末每單個家庭的垃圾回收利用水平和參與率在整體上降到了低谷。傳統的垃圾回收利用方式也因為美國20世紀大部分時期的經濟暴漲而在衰頹。收入增加，大規模生產的物品讓大家消費得起，人們的物質生活日益富足。這樣的富足帶來了一個愈演愈烈的趨勢——產品在最初使用之後被丟棄或者換掉，而不是重新使用或者回收利用。
始於20世紀70年代早期的環保激進主義和環保意識的熱潮帶來了一陣對垃圾回收利用的興趣。緊接著1970年第一個世界地球日，多大3000個垃圾回收利用志願中心開幕。20世紀70年代早期開展了超過100個道路垃圾採集計劃，其中很多都將重心放在如報紙和瓶罐等一系列材料的回收上。人們對垃圾回收利用和志願者計劃的興趣日趨濃厚。美國環境保護局和一些州立環境保護局制定了指導原則，提供技術援助，並對地區設定了努力目標。盡管20世紀70年代垃圾的產生增長了25%，但是垃圾的回收利用增長了45%。
20世紀80年代廢料填充地開始出現不足，尤其是在人口密集的地區，這導致了垃圾被長途運輸，頻繁地跨越州際線。垃圾管理公司開始提出回收利用計劃，這又常常與新建焚燒爐和廢料填充地的提議掛鉤。社區組織也常常呼籲投入更大的努力，希望能限制或者避免新建垃圾處理設施。州政府和地區政府在策劃垃圾管理的工作中也越來越積極，包括擴展回收利用和混合堆肥。在肥料填充地短缺、抵制跨州垃圾、全國對垃圾管理關注度上升的共同作用下，美國環保局發表了一份國家政策指引——1989年的《行動議程》，呼籲美國人實現25%的垃圾回收利用率。那時，有大約1000個道路垃圾採集計劃，廢棄物回收站、廢棄物加工廠等也在努力。盡管20世紀80年代垃圾的產生又一次快速增長，增加了近36%，但是垃圾回收利用和混合堆肥在那10年間，一並猛增了近132%，占垃圾產生總量的16%。 對可回收物品的採集提高了，創造出的復原材料一開始就比美國生產型公司現成可用的的材料還多。到了20世紀90年代，工業上就投資了百萬計美元在處理和製造技術上，這些技術專門用於利用復原材料來生產類型廣泛的產品，而不是利用未使用過的生材。消費者也有利於深刻地意識到，購買他們自己為回收利用而手機的材料製成的產品，他們在垃圾回收利用中扮演著重要的角色。各級政府部門也發揮作用，通過增加對含回收物產品的政府采購，確保回收利用的生命力。從1990年到1997年，垃圾回收利用保持著兩位數的增長，達到了估計垃圾產生總量27%的回收利用率——相比1990年，增長了近67%，超過了25%的國際政策目標。在很多城市和城鎮都能看到全國參與垃圾回收利用的趨勢。只舉一個例子，密歇根的Ann Arbor是其中一個在20世紀70年代由志願者建立起廢棄物回收站的社區。幾年之後，一個名為Recycle Ann Arbor的志願者組織開始了道路垃圾回收計劃。如今，Ann Arbor市政府向市民按周收集23類可回收物，按季收集4類院落殘垣廢料。這些努力，加上家喻戶曉的家庭混合堆肥、廢棄物回收處理和密歇根的容器處理議案的影響，讓Ann Arbor轉換了52%的垃圾。Recycle Ann Arbor為提供垃圾回收利用服務的城市合約競價，一貫地勝出。
這種大量級的垃圾轉換有助於降低費用。比如在1996年，Ann Arbor每噸垃圾回收利用和混合堆肥耗費71美元，較之每噸垃圾收集和處理費用卻是86美元。

像Ann Arbor之類高垃圾轉換率、低成本的社區，為在全國上下改進地區垃圾回收利用計劃的經濟可行性的努力提供了榜樣。

3. ●【翻譯—僅供英語高手專區】劇本片段翻譯 — 城市排水解決方案！

CITY SEWAGE SOLUTION PROJECT

The Focus of the Fifth International Conference on Municipal Road- planning, Shanghai—Problems Involving the Sewage System

Cast of Characters

Li XX: 40s, Director of EPA
Richard: 40s, editor-in-chief
Chairman of the Conference: 60s, tall and stout
Leoh Ming Pei: 89, a master of architecture
Road-planning Experts: of different ages, from around the world

SCENE I

Setting:
Director』s Office, Environmental Protection Agency, Pudong New Area, Shanghai

Time:
July 20, 2006

Character:
Li XX, Director recently sworn in, young and competent

Background information:
Little did the new director think that only a week after his inauguration, an ordinary piece of E-mail would make a great difference to him as a civil servant. The following is what was contained in the E-mail.

「Dear Director Lee,
My name is Jenny, an overseas Chinese presently spending her vacation in China. However, while walking along the streets on sweltering summer days, I always smell nasty odor coming from the underground sewers. I have visited a lot of cities and found out this is a common problem, especially in Shanghai. It is really puzzling to me that no attention has been paid to the sewage systems, while a great many roads are being broadened in those cities. Now my question is : can the underground sewage system be built further down?」

AT RISE
After reading the message, Director Li thinks for a moment and then calls up Richard, the executive editor of the magazine 「New Shanghai.」
The former orders that the latter make a thorough research of the issue and relate it to the international municipal road- planning conference to be held in Shanghai.

Scene II

Setting:
office of the executive editor of the magazine 「New Shanghai」

Time:
July 20, 2006

Character:
Richard ( formerly majored in landscape design at college but entered on journalism after coming back from overseas studies and ,after years of hard work, was promoted to the seat of the executive editor)

On receiving the director's order, he feels a little confused about what to do though he has served as editor-in-chief for quite a long time. Out of the keen sensitivity of the reporter, he looks through the list of the experts to be present at the conference. Much to his delight, he discovers the name of the world-famous Chinese-American architect, Leoh Ming PEI. Owing to the important discovery, things seem, he is sure, to change for the better.

Scene III

Setting:
Conference Room on the fifth floor of the building housing the Agency of Environmental Protection, Shanghai

Time:
August 23, 2006

Characters:
experts in road-planning from around the world

(After a series of insightful discussions)

CHAIRMAN OF THE CONFERENCE
All right. Since all of you have expressed what you had to say, now I am pleased to ask the master of architecture, Mr. Leoh Ming Pei, to share his unique findings with us.

LEOH MING PEI
Ha, ha. Now that you all have presented your research reports, I am not going to repeat your remarks. Instead, I am to focus my personal views on city-planning, and any comment from you is heartily welcome.
First, I maintain that it takes tens of years, even one hundred years, to plan, construct, develop, and mature a city. Similarly, judging from the current situations, it will take a long time for the cities in China to catch up with New York. If we compare the development of New York with that of Shanghai, it is not surprising to see that the city-planning in China leaves much to be desired. More often than not, as soon as a construction project is finished, another is under progress. This way, the later project does some damage to the earlier one. Then it becomes clear that the power supply networks, sewage system, and city roads were poorly arranged. By contrast, the success of New York lies in the simple fact that New Yorkers had done a great deal of admirable preparatory work before their city grew into a metropolitan unit. In fact, the Chinese have a lot to learn from the New Yorkers. What I want to emphasize is that the foreigners made the perfect plan for their city one or two hundred years ago.
Second, we can easily see that a lot of Hollywood』s popular action films were shot right in the sewage tunnel. That illustrates that their
sewage engineering project was extremely well-planned. Besides, there were many scenes in foreign movies in which the actors ran along the tunnel-like ct for a long period of time. A little while ago, the animation cartoon, 「Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles」, was highly popular throughout China, whose heroes lived exactly in the cts all their lives. This fact explains how much more well-planned foreign sewage systems are.
Thirdly, as for technical matters, I must point out that the sewage system will get clogged sooner or later no matter how deep it is. Sewage water will mix with underground water after it is filtered by soil. However, because of improper flow and damage to pipes, sewage water gets sour. If the fermented water is left alone, the situation will get worse. Where the water is shallower, there is little or no unpleasant odor. That is because the ct is wider at that point and the water flows away rapidly. Let me explain this by giving an example familiar to all of you. Say you have a liking for rib soup. If you leave the soup untouched too long, the delicious soup is sure to go sour....

(All the experts present on the spot are amused by the impressive speech, which is worth the name of 「uniqueness.」)

CHAIRMAN OF THE CONFERENCE
Right here and now the central discussion of the fifth International Municipal Road-Planning Conference has drawn to a fruitful end.

Scene IV

Setting:
Director』s Office, Environmental Protection Agency, Pudong New Area

Time: May 1, 2008

Character:
Director LI, who has achieved great success after serving as Director of EPA, Pudong for some years

Background:
A short time before the opening of the Beijing Olympics, Li is appointed as Director of Environmental Protection Agency, Beijing. Just at this time, he receives another piece of E-mail, which brings him pleasure beyond description. The message contained therein is as follows.

「Dear Director LI:
Hi. I am Jenny, an overseas Chinese. Several years ago, I came to Shanghai and sent a message to you by E-mail, mentioning the sewage problem. This time when I stroll around your city again, I find that you have done a good job by getting rid of the headaches. I am thankful to you for the efforts you have made...」

Director Li thinks to himself, 「China has a long way to go and is sure to have a bright tomorrow. I can take a deep breath at last.」