班輪條件英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

㈠ 物流海運專用術語<英語》

看看如下的內容吧:
A
alongside -- The side of a vessel.
B
barrel -- A measurement term that refers to 42 gallons of liquid at 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15.56 degrees Celsius).
berth -- The structure where a vessel is secured for the loading and unloading cargo.
bonded warehouse -- A warehouse authorized by customs authorities for the storage of goods on which payment of ties is deferred until the goods are removed.
bow -- The front of a vessel. Also see "stern."
breakbulk cargo -- Loose, non-containerized procts. Examples include steel slabs and coils.
bulk cargo -- Loose cargo shipped in the cargo hold of a vessel without mark and count. Examples include coal, grain and sulfur.
bunker -- A maritime term that refers to fuel used aboard a vessel.
C
cargo -- Freight loaded into a vessel.
cargo manifest -- A list of all cargo carried on a specific vessel voyage.
cargo tonnage -- Most ocean freight is billed on the basis of weight or measurement tons (W/M). Weight tons can be expressed in short tons of 2,000 pounds, long tons of 2,240 pounds or metric tons of 1,000 kilos (2204.62 pounds). Measurement tons are usually expressed in cargo measurements of cubic feet (one cubic foot equals 0.03 cubic meters) or cubic meters (one cubic meter equals 35.31 cubic feet). Typically, 40 cubic feet (1.13 cubic meters) is the measurement standard.
carrier -- Any person or entity who, in a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway or by a combination of such transportation modes.
chassis -- A frame with wheels and container-locking devices in order to secure the container for movement.
container -- A truck trailer body that can be detached from the chassis for loading into a vessel, a railcar, or stacked in a container depot. Containers may be ventilated, insulated, refrigerated, flat rack, vehicle rack, open top, bulk liquid or equipped with interior devices. A container may be 20 feet (6.1 meters), 40 feet (12.19 meters), 45 feet (13.72 meters), 48 feet (14.63 meters) or 53 feet (16.15 meters) in length, eight feet (2.44 meters) or eight feet, six inches (2.59 meters) in width, and eight feet, six inches (2.59 meters) or nine feet, six inches (2.9 meters) in height.
container freight station (CFS) -- A shipping dock where cargo is loaded ("stuffed") into or unloaded ("stripped") from containers. Container reloading from/to rail or motor carrier equipment is a typical activity.
container terminal -- An area designated for the stowage of cargo in containers. Usually accessible by truck, railroad and marine transportation, the terminal is where containers are picked up, dropped off, maintained and stored.
containerization -- Stowage of general or special cargo in a container for transport in various modes.
containerload -- A cargo load sufficient in size to fill a container either by cubic measurement or by weight.
container port -- A seaport that features cargo terminals developed specifically to handle marine cargo containers.
D
dock -- For ships, a cargo-handling area where a vessel normally ties up. For land transportation, a loading or unloading platform at an instrial location or carrier terminal.
doublestack train -- A train using specialized railcars that enable marine cargo containers to be stacked one atop another.
draft -- The number of feet (or meters) that the hull of a ship is beneath the surface of the water.
dry bulk container -- A container constructed to carry grain, powder and other free-flowing solids in bulk. Used in conjunction with a tilt chassis or platform.
dry cargo -- Cargo that is solid in nature and normally does not require temperature control.
E
export -- Shipment of goods to a foreign country.
F
feeder service -- Cargo to/from regional ports are transferred to/from a central hub port for a long-haul ocean voyage.
feeder vessel -- A short-sea vessel that transfers cargo between a central hub port and smaller spoke ports.
FEUs -- Maritime abbreviation for "40-foot equivalent units," which refers to containers that are 40 feet (12.19 meters) in length. One FEU is equal to two TEUs, or "20-foot equivalent units." See "TEUs."
flat car -- A railcar without a roof and walls.
flat rack/flat bed container -- A container with no sides and frame members at the front and rear for cargo loading from the sides and top.
foreign-trade zone -- A free port in a country divorced from Customs authority but under government control. Merchandise, except that which is prohibited, may be stored in the zone without being subject to import ty regulations.
free port -- A restricted area at a seaport used for the handling of ty-exempt import goods.
freight -- Refers to either the cargo carried or the charges assessed for carriage of cargo.
freight forwarder -- A person whose business is to act as an agent on behalf of the shipper. A freight forwarder frequently makes the booking reservation.
G
gateway -- A point at which freight moving from one territory to another is interchanged between transportation lines.
gross weight -- The entire weight of goods, packaging, container and freight car, ready for shipment. Generally, the combined weight limit of the cargo, container and tractor for highway transport is 80,000 pounds (36,287.39 kilograms).
H
hatch -- The opening in the deck of a vessel, providing access to the cargo hold.
I
import -- Shipment of goods from a foreign country.
inland carrier -- A transportation line that hauls export or import traffic between ports and inland points.
intermodal -- A shipping term denoting the interchangeable movement of cargo containers between different modes of transportation, primarily ship, truck and train, where the equipment is compatible with the multiple transport systems.
J
Jacob's ladder -- A rope ladder suspended from the side of a vessel that is used for boarding.
just in time (JIT) -- In this method of inventory control, warehousing is minimal or non-existent: The container is a "movable" warehouse and must arrive neither too early nor too late
K
knot -- One knot is equal to one nautical mile (6,076 feet or 1,851.96 meters) per hour. In the early sailing days, speed was measured by tossing overboard a log secured by a line. Knots were tied into the line at intervals of approximately six feet (1.83 meters). The number of knots measured was then compared to the time required to travel the distance of 1,000 knots in the line.
L
laden -- Loaded aboard a vessel.
landbridge -- The movement of cargo, by water, from one country through the port of another country, by rail or truck, to an inland point in that country or to a third country. For example, cargo from Japan is landbridged across the United States to France.
liquid bulk -- Cargo that is fluid in nature and typically transported in tankers. Examples include oil and other petroleum procts.
longshoreman -- An indivial employed in a port to load and unload cargo vessels.
loose -- Without packing.
M
maritime -- Business pertaining to commerce or navigation transacted upon the sea or in seaports.
meter -- One meter is equal in length to 3.28 feet or 39.37 inches.
metric ton -- One metric ton is equal in weight to 2,204.62 pounds or 1,000 kilograms.
mile -- One mile is equal to 5,280 feet or 1.61 kilometers on land. Also see "nautical mile."
mini-landbridge -- An intermodal system for transporting containers by ocean and then by rail or motor to a port previously served as an all-water move. For example, cargo from China is mini-landbridged through Seattle to New York.
multimodal -- Synonymous with "intermodal" for all practical purposes.
N
nautical mile -- One nautical mile is equal in length to 607,612 feet or 1.85 kilometers, which is the distance of one minute of longitude measured at the equator. Also see "mile."
near-dock railyard -- A cargo facility used primarily to sort marine cargo containers and assemble into trainloads bound for common destinations. These railyards are located inland, in close proximity to a port waterfront.
non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) -- A cargo consolidator in ocean trades that will buy space from a carrier and subsell it to smaller shippers. The NVOCC concts itself as an ocean carrier, except that it will not provide the actual ocean or intermodal service.
O
on-dock railyard -- A cargo facility used primarily to sort marine cargo containers and assemble them into trainloads bound for common destinations. These railyards are located on a port waterfront.
origin -- The location where a freight shipment begins its movement.
overheight cargo -- Freight that is more than eight feet high, or too tall to fit into a standard container.
P
pallet -- A platform with or without sides, on which a number of packages or pieces may be loaded to facilitate handling by a forklift or similar functioning equipment.
pier -- The structure where a vessel is secured for the loading and unloading cargo.
piggyback -- A transportation arrangement whereby truck trailers and their loads are carried and moved by train to a destination.
port -- There are three common definitions:
1. A harbor with piers or docks.
2. The left side of a ship when facing the bow. Also see "starboard."
3. An opening in a vessel's side, used for handling freight.
port of call -- A port where a vessel discharges or receives freight.
port of entry -- A port where cargo enters a country and is unloaded.
port of exit -- A port where cargo is loaded and leaves a country.

Q
quay -- A structure attached to land to which a vessel is moored. Also see 「berth," "dock" and "pier."
R
ramp -- A railroad terminal where containers are received or delivered and trains are loaded or discharged.
reefer -- An instry term for a refrigerated or temperature-controlled container.
relay -- The transfer of containers from one ship to another when both vessels are controlled by the same network (carrier) manager.
revenue ton -- A ton measurement on which shipments are freighted. If cargo is rated as weight or measure (W/M), whichever proces the higher revenue will be considered the revenue ton. Weights are based on metric tons and measures are based on cubic meters. Hence, one revenue ton is equal to one metric ton (2204.62 pounds) or one cubic meter (35.31 cubic feet).
roll-on roll-off (Ro/Ro) -- A method of ocean cargo service using a vessel with ramps, which allow wheeled containers, trailers or vehicles to be loaded and unloaded without the use of cranes.
S
service -- A string of vessels that makes a particular voyage and serves a particular market.
ship chandler -- An indivial or company selling equipment and supplies to ships.
shipper -- The person or company who usually is the supplier or owner of commodities shipped. Also called the consignor.
ships --There are nine basic types of ships:
1. barge carriers -- Ships designed to transport barges.
2. bulk carriers -- All vessels designed to carry bulk cargo, such as grain, fertilizers, ore and oil.
3. combination passenger and cargo ships -- Cargo vessels with the capacity for 13 or more passengers.
4. freighters -- Comprises refrigerated and unrefrigerated breakbulk vessels, containerships, partial containerships, roll-on roll-off vessels and barge carriers.
5. full containerships -- Vessels equipped with permanent container cells for container storage, with little or no space for other types of cargo.
6. general cargo carriers -- This category includes breakbulk freighters, car carriers, cattle carriers, pallet carriers and timber carriers.
7. partial containerships -- Multipurpose containerships with one or more, but not all, cargo compartments fitted with permanent container cells. The remaining compartments are used for noncontainerized cargo.
8. roll-on roll-off vessels -- Specialized ships designed to carry wheeled containers, trailers and vehicles using onboard ramps.
9. tankers -- Ships fitted with tanks for storage of liquid cargo, such as crude petroleum and petroleum procts, chemicals, liquefied gas, wine and molasses.
short ton -- One short ton is equal in weight to 2,000 pounds or 0.91 metric tons.
side loader -- A lift truck fitted with lifting attachments operating on one side for handling containers.
slip -- A ship's berth between two piers.
spreader -- Equipment designed to lift containers by their corner casters.
stack car -- An articulated five-platform railcar that allows containers to be doublestacked one atop another.
stack train -- A rail service whereby railcars carry containers doublestacked on specially operated unit trains.
starboard -- The right side of a ship when facing the bow. Also see "port."
stern -- The end of a vessel. Also see "bow."
stevedore -- A person or company that employs longshore workers and establishes agreements to load or unload ships.
stowage -- A marine term that refers to loading freight into vessels' cargo holds.
straddle carrier -- Mobile truck equipment that is capable of lifting containers within its own framework.
supply chain -- A logistical management system that integrates the sequence of activities from delivery of raw materials to the manufacturer to delivery of the finished proct to the customer. "Just in time" is an example of supply chain management.
T
tariff -- A publication that sets forth the charges, rates and rules of ports and transportation companies.
terminal -- An assigned area where containers are prepared for loading into a vessel, train or truck, or are stored immediately after discharge from the vessel, train or truck.
TEUs -- Maritime abbreviation for "20-foot equivalent units," which refers to containers that are 20 feet (6.1 meters) in length. Two TEUs are equal to one FEU. Also see "FEU."
transship -- To transfer goods from one transportation line to another, or from one ship to another.
turnaround -- In water transportation, the time between the arrival and departure of a ship from a port.
U
unit load -- Packages loaded onto a pallet, in a crate or any other way that enables them to be handled at one time as a unit.
unit train -- A train comprising a specified number of railcars that remain together as a unit until reaching a designated destination.
unitization -- The consolidation of a quantity of indivial items into one large shipping unit to facilitate handling. Also: The loading of one or more large items of cargo onto a single piece of equipment, such as a pallet.

V
vanning -- A marine term for stowing cargo in a container
warehouse -- A place for the reception, delivery, consolidation, distribution and storage of cargo.
W
warehousing -- The storage of cargo.
weights and measures --
1. One cubic meter is equal to 35.31 cubic feet.
2. One long ton, or gross ton, is equal to 2,240 pounds or 1,016.05 kilograms.
3. One measurement ton is equal to 40 cubic feet or one cubic meter.
4. One metric ton, or kilo ton, is equal to 2,204.62 pounds or 1,000 kilograms.
5. One short ton, or net ton, is equal to 2,000 pounds or 907.18 kilograms
Y
yard -- This term commonly refers to a railroad yard with many rail tracks for assembling, storing or switching freight trains.

㈡ 在線等答案 國際貿易術語翻譯

出口津貼 export subsidy
商品傾銷 mping
外匯傾銷 exchange mping
優惠關稅 special preferences
保稅倉庫 bonded warehouse
貿易順差 favorable balance of trade
貿易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade
進口配額制 import quotas
自由貿易區 free trade zone
對外貿易值 value of foreign trade
國際貿易值 value of international trade
普遍優惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP
最惠國待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT
價格條件 價格術語trade term (price term)
運費freight
單價 price
碼頭費wharfage
總值 total value
卸貨費landing charges
金額 amount
關稅customs ty
凈價 net price
印花稅stamp ty
含佣價price including commission
港口稅port es
回佣return commission .
裝運港port of shipment
折扣discount, allowance
卸貨港port of discharge
批發價 wholesale price
目的港port of destination
零售價 retail price
進口許口證import licence
現貨價格spot price
出口許口證export licence
期貨價格forward price
現行價格（時價）current price prevailing price
國際市場價格 world (International)Market price
離岸價（船上交貨價）FOB-free on board
成本加運費價（離岸加運費價） C&F-cost and freight
到岸價（成本加運費、保險費價）CIF-cost,insurance and freight
交貨條件 交貨delivery
輪船steamship(縮寫S.S)
裝運、裝船shipment
租船charter (the chartered ship)
交貨時間 time of delivery
定程租船voyage charter
裝運期限time of shipment
定期租船time charter
托運人（一般指出口商）shipper, consignor
收貨人consignee
班輪regular shipping liner
駁船lighter
艙位shipping space
油輪tanker
報關clearance of goods
陸運收據cargo receipt
提貨to take delivery of goods
空運提單airway bill
正本提單original BL
選擇港（任意港）optional port
選港費optional charges
選港費由買方負擔 optional charges to be borne by the Buyers 或 optional charges for Buyers』 account

㈢ 班輪的英語翻譯 班輪用英語怎麼說

班輪
[詞典] liner; regular passenger or cargo ship; regular steamship service; liner ship;
[例句]乘坐遠洋班輪進行商務旅行變得不合時宜了。
It became impractical to make a business trip by ocean liner.

㈣ 「貨到起運港越過船舷」 貿易術語解釋，請翻譯成英文，要求專業，謝謝啦

FOB是國際貿易中常用的貿易術語之一，FOB的全文是Free On Board，即船上交貨(指定裝運港)，習慣稱為裝運港船上交貨。

FOB 也稱「離岸價」。按FOB成交,由買方負責派船接運貨物,賣方應在合同規定的裝運港和規定的期限內,將貨物裝上買方指定的船隻,並及時通知買方.貨物在裝船時越過船舷,風險即由賣方轉移至買方. 成員圖片(4張)
在FOB條件下,賣方要負擔風險和費用,領取出口許可證或其他官方證件,並負責辦理出口手續.採用FOB術語成交時,賣方還要自費提供證明其已按規定完成交貨義務的證件,如果該證件並非運輸單據,在買方要求下,並由買方承擔風險和費用的情況下,賣方可以給予協助以取得提單或其他運輸單據.
一些國家鼓勵出口使用CIF術語，進口使用FOB術語，由本國保險公司和承運人保險或承運。
根據<2000通則>的解釋,FOB術語只適用於海運和內河運輸.
FOB
船上交貨
（……指定裝運港）
「船上交貨（……指定裝運港）」是當貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷，賣方即完成交貨。這意味著買方必須從該點起承當貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險。FOB術語要求賣方辦理貨物出口清關手續。
該術語僅適用於海運或內河運輸。如當事各方無意越過船舷交貨，則應使用FCA術語。
A 賣方義務
B 買方義務
A1 提供符合合同規定的貨物
賣方必須提供符合銷售合同規定的貨物和商業發票或有同等作用的電子訊息，以及合同可能要求的、證明貨物符合合同規定的其他任何憑證。
B1 支付價款
買方必須按照銷售合同規定支付價款。
A2 許可證、其他許可和手續
賣方必須自擔風險和費用，取得任何出口許可證或其他官方許可，並在需要辦理海關手續時，辦理貨物出口貨物所需的一切海關手續。
B2 許可證、其他許可和手續
買方必須自擔風險和費用，取得任何進口許可證或其他官方許可，並在需要辦理海關手續時，辦理貨物進口和在必要時從他國過境所需的一切海關手續。
A3 運輸合同和保險合同
a）運輸合同
無義務。
b）保險合同
無義務。
B3 運輸合同和保險合同
a）運輸合同
買方必須自付費用訂立從指定的裝運港運輸貨物的合同。
b）保險合同
無義務。
A4 交貨
賣方必須在約定的日期或期限內，在指定的裝運港，按照該港習慣方式，將貨物交至買方指定的船隻上。
B4 受領貨物
買方必須在賣方按照A4規定交貨時受領貨物。
A5 風險轉移
除B5規定者外，賣方必須承擔貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險，直至貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷為止。
B5 風險轉移
買方必須按照下述規定承擔貨物滅失或損壞的一切風險：
貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷時起；及
於買方未按照B7規定通知賣方，或其指定的船隻未按時到達，或未接收貨物，或較按照B7通知的時間提早停止裝貨，則自約定的交貨日期或交貨期限屆滿之日起，但以該項貨物已正式劃歸合同項下，即清楚地劃出或以其他方式確定為合同項下之貨物為限。
A6 費用劃分
除B6規定者外，賣方必須支付
貨物有關的一切費用，直至貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷時為止；及
需要辦理海關手續時，貨物出口需要辦理的海關手續費用及出口時應交納的一切關稅、稅款和其他費用。
B6 費用劃分
買方必須支付
貨物在指定的裝運港越過船舷之時起與貨物有關的一切費用；及
於買方指定的船隻未按時到達，或未接收上述貨物，或較按照B7通知的時間提早停止裝貨，或買方未能按照B7規定給予賣方相應的通知而發生的一切額外費用，但以該項貨物已正式劃歸合同項下，即清楚地劃出或以其他方式確定為合同項下之貨物為限；及
需要辦理海關手續時，貨物進口應交納的一切關稅、稅款和其他費用，及辦理海關手續的費用，以及貨物從他國過境的費用。
A7 通知買方
賣方必須給予買方說明貨物已按照A4規定交貨的充分通知。
B7 通知賣方
買方必須給予賣方有關船名、裝船點和要求交貨時間的充分通知。
A8 交貨憑證、運輸單據或有同等作用的電子訊息
賣方必須自付費用向買方提供證明貨物已按照A4規定交貨的通常單據。
除非前項所述單據是運輸單據，否則應買方要求並由其承擔風險和費用，賣方必須給予買方一切協助，以取得有關運輸合同的運輸單據（如可轉讓提單、不可轉讓海運單、內河運輸單據或多式聯運單據）。如買賣雙方約定使用電子方式通訊，則前項所述單據可以由具有同等作用的電子數據交換（EDI）訊息代替。
B8 交貨憑證、運輸單據或有同等作用的電子訊息
買方必須接受按照A8規定提供的交貨憑證。
A9 查對、包裝、標記
賣方必須支付為按照A4規定交貨所需進行的查對費用（如核對貨物品質、丈量、過磅、點數的費用）。
賣方必須自付費用，提供按照賣方訂立銷售合同前已知的該貨物運輸（如運輸方式、目的港）所要求的包裝（除非按照相關行業慣例，合同所述貨物無需包裝發運）。包裝應作適當標記。
B9 貨物檢驗
買方必須支付任何裝運前檢驗的費用，但出口國有關當局強制進行的檢驗除外。
A10 其他義務
應買方要求並由其承當風險和費用，賣方必須給予買方一切協助，以幫助其取得由裝運地國和/或原產地國所簽發或傳送的、為買方進口貨物可能要求的和必要時從他國過境所需的任何單據或有同等作用的電子訊息（A8所列的除外）。
應買方要求，賣方必須向買方提供投保所需的信息。
B10 其他義務
買方必須支付因獲取A10所述單據或有同等作用的電子訊息所發生的一切費用，並償付賣方因給予協助而發生的費用。
對FOB術語的解釋
FREE ON BOARD(…named port of shipment),即裝運港船上交貨（……指定裝運港）。此術語是指賣方在約定的裝運港將貨物交到買方指定的船上。按照《2000年通則》規定，此術語只能適用於海運和內河航運。但是，如合同當事人不採用越過船舷交貨，則採用FCA術語更為適宜。
買賣雙方基本義務的劃分
按國際商會對FOB的解釋，買賣雙方各自承擔的基本義務。概括起來，可作如下劃分：
1．賣方義務
(1)在合同規定的時間或期限內，在裝運港，按照習慣方式將貨物交到買方指派的船上，並及時通知買方。
(2)自負風險和費用，取得出口許可證或其他官方批准證件。在需要辦理海關手續時，辦理貨物出口所需的一切海關手續。
(3)負擔貨物在裝運港越過船舷為止的一切費用和風險；
(4)自付費用提供證明貨物已交至船上的通常單據。如果買賣雙方約定採用電子通訊，則所有單據均可被具有同等效力的電子數據交換(EDI)信息所代替。
2．買方義務
(1)自負風險和費用取得進口許可證或其他官方批準的證件。在需要辦理海關手續時，辦理貨物進口以及經由他國過境的一切海關手續，並支付有關費用及過境費；
(2)負責租船或訂艙，支付運費，並給予賣方關於船名、裝船地點和要求交貨時間的充分的通知；
(3)負擔貨物在裝運港越過船舷後的一切費用和風險；
(4)接受賣方提供的有關單據，受領貨物，並按合同規定支付貨款。
3. 注意事項：
1. 買方必須自該交貨點起負擔一切費用和貨物滅失或者損壞的風險，這也就是說如果貨物在海上遇險或者遭遇海盜，將與賣方無關，買方不應此理由拒絕支付貨款，所以賣方可以建議買方為貨物投保。
2..FOB價格包含了國內的所有費用。如果是貨物比較多或者利潤比較高的話，國內的費用是可以不用考慮的。而如果貨物比較少，就需要相應提高價格，因為單位成本增加了很多，單位成本主要包括：內陸運費（工廠到港口或者集裝箱倉庫）、裝卸費（特別是一些不能機械裝卸的貨物）、拼箱雜費、碼頭費、報送費、報檢費等。
《1941年美國對外貿易定義修訂本》的解釋
《1941年美國對外貿易定義修訂本》對FOB的解釋分為六種，其中只有：指定裝運港船上交貨」 (FOB Vessel，"named port of shipment」)與《2000年通則》對FOB術語的解釋相近。所以，《1941年美國對外貿易定義修訂本》對FOB的解釋與運用，同國際上的一般解釋與運用有明顯的差異，這主要表現在下列幾方面：
1．美國慣例把FOB籠統地解釋為在某處某種運輸工具上交貨，其適用范圍很廣，因此，在同美國、加拿大等國的商人按FOB訂立合同時，除必須標明裝運港名稱外，還必須在FOB後加上「船舶」(Vessel)字樣。如果只訂為「FOB SanFrancisco」而漏寫「Vessel」字樣,則賣方只負責把貨物運到舊金山城內的任何處所，不負責把貨物運到舊金山港口並交到船上。
2．在風險劃分上，不是以裝運港船舷為界，而是以船艙為界，即賣方負擔貨物裝到船艙為止所發生的一切丟失與損壞。
3．在費用負擔上，規定買方要支付賣方協助提供出口單證的費用以及出口稅和因出口而產生的其他費用。
FOB的變形
在按FOB條件成交時，賣方要負責支付貨物裝上船之前的一切費用。但各國對於「裝船」的概念沒有統一的解釋，有關裝船的各項費用由誰負擔，各國的慣例或習慣做法也不完全一致。如果採用班輪運輸，船方管裝管卸，裝卸費計入班輪運費之中，自然由負責租船的買方承擔；而採用程租船運輸，船方一般不負擔裝卸費用。這就必須明確裝船的各項費用應由誰負擔。為了說明裝船費用的負擔問題，雙方往往在FOB術語後加列附加條件，這就形成了FOB的變形。主要包括以下幾種：
1．FOB Liner Tenns(FOB班輪條件)
這一變形是指裝船費用按照班輪的做法處理，即由船方或買方承擔。所以，採用這一變形，賣方不負擔裝船的有關費用。
2．FOB Under Tackle(FOB吊鉤下交貨)
指賣方負擔費用將貨物交到買方指定船隻的吊鉤所及之處，而吊裝入艙以及其他各項費用，概由買方負擔。
3．FOB Stowed(FOB理艙費在內)
指賣方負責將貨物裝入船艙並承擔包括理艙費在內的裝船費用。理艙費是指貨物人艙後進行安置和整理的費用。
4．FOB Trimmed(FOB平艙費在內)
指賣方負責將貨物裝入船艙並承擔包括平艙費在內的裝船費用。平艙費是指對裝入船艙的散裝貨物進行平整所需的費用。
在許多標准合同中，為表明由賣方承擔包括理艙費和平艙費在內的各項裝船費用，常採用FOBST(FOB Stowed and Trimmed)方式。
FOB的上述變形，只是為了表明裝船費用由誰負擔而產生的，並不改變FOB的交貨地點以及風險劃分的界限。《2000年通則》指出，《通則》對這些術語後的添加詞句不提供任何指導規定，建議買賣雙方應在合同中加以明確。

㈤ 外貿用語如何翻譯

比較正確的翻譯應該是：
payment terms must be 20% deposit and 80% against B/L。
付款條件是20% 預付款，憑提單再收取剩下的80%餘款。

COA - 長期海運合同或包運合同。意思是船主預留部分或全部貨運艙位給租方一段時間。
（貨船也可以像房子一樣整個租給對方，租方擁有任意使用該船的權利，這種方式一般稱為Charter-Party，與COA是有區別的。）

當然COA 也還有許多其他與海運有關的解釋：比如上面所說的 Certificate of Analysis; Cash on Arrival; Certificate of Authenticity; Charter Ownership Agreement;

【英語牛人團】