工件裝卸英語怎麼說及英文翻譯
❶ 誰能幫忙找一小段（1000個左右單詞）機械製造類的英語文章要帶中文的翻譯的。謝謝！
說個關於仿行車床和自動車床的文章吧.那是我幫一個朋友翻譯之後的結果:
Trace lathes are machine tools with attachments that are capable of turning parts with various contours. also called plicating lathes or contouring lathes, the cutting tool follows a path that plicates the contour of the template, similar to a pencil following the shape of a plastic template used in engineering drawing. a tracer finger follows the template and, through a hydraulic or electrical system, guides the cutting tool along the workpiece without operator intervention. operations performed on a tracer lathe have been largely replaced by numerical-control lathes and turning centers (section 24.2)
lathes have been increasingly automated over the years . manual machine controls have been replaced by various mechanisms that enable cutting operations to follow a certain prescribed sequence . in a fully automatic machine ,parts are fed and removed automatically ,whereas in semiautomatic machines, these functions are performed by the operator
Automatic lathes, which may have a horizontal or vertical spindle and do not have tailstocks, are also called chucking machines, or chuckers . they are used for machining indivial pieces of regular or irregular shapes, and are available in either single or multiple spindle types. in another type of automatic lathe, the bar stock is fed periodically into the lathe and a part is machined and cut off at the bar. automatic lathes are suitable for medium to high-volume proction
仿行車床是一種加工機床,和附加配件一起,能夠加工各種輪廓的旋轉體. 也可以稱為復制車床或者輪廓車床(在國內只叫仿行車床,我只是按字面把這一句翻譯出來). 切削刀具跟隨著復制模板的外形輪廓移動.類似於用鉛筆沿著塑膠模板(曲線模板)的輪廓描繪工程圖.仿行指針跟隨模板,並且通過液壓或者電氣系統,不需要操作員干涉的情況下引導切削刀具沿著工件加工.目前仿行車床已經基本被數控車床和車削中心代替.(第24.2)
多年以來,車床已經逐步自動化了.手動控制的機床已經被各種能夠按照指定次序執行加工的機製取代.一部全自動的機床,產品可以全自動地被送進和裝卸;然而對於半自動機床,某些功能需要人手執行.
自動車床有水平主軸或者立式主軸,但是沒有後機座的可以稱作卡盤式車床. 他們用於加工個別形狀規則或者不規則的產品.而且擁有單一或者多個主軸的類型; 另外一種自動車床,帶有自動送料的系統,把條狀原料定時地送進車床加工,加工完了之後從條料中切落. 自動車床適合中到高產量的生產.
自動車床有水平主軸或者立式主軸,但是沒有後機座的可以稱作卡盤式車床. 他們用於加工個別形狀規則或者不規則的產品.而且擁有單一或者多個主軸的類型; 另外一種自動車床,帶有自動送料的系統,把條狀原料定時地送進車床加工,加工完了之後從條料中切落. 自動車床適合中到高產量的生產.
❷ 機械手中英文對照5000字
mechanical hand, is also called from begins, auto hand can imitate the manpower and arm's certain holding function, with by presses the fixed routine to capture, the transporting thing 'OR' operation tool's automatic operation installment. It may replace person's strenuous labor to realize the proction mechanization and the automation, can operate under the hostile environment protects the personal safety, thus widely applies in departments and so on machine manufacture, metallurgy, electron, light instry and atomic energy. the manipulator is mainly composed of the hand and the motion. The hand is uses for to grasp holds the work piece (or tool) the part, according to is grasped holds the thing shape, the size, the weight, the material and the work request has many kinds of structural styles, like the clamp, the request hold and the adsorption and so on. The motion, causes the hand to complete each kind of rotation (swinging), the migration or the compound motion realizes the stipulation movement, changes is grasped holds the thing position and the posture. Motion's fluctuation, the expansion, revolving and so on independence movement way, is called manipulator's degree-of-freedom. In order to capture in the space the optional position and the position object, must have 6 degrees-of-freedom. The degree-of-freedom is the key parameter which the manipulator designs. The degree-of-freedom are more, manipulator's flexibility is bigger, the versatility is broader, its structure is also more complex. Generally the special-purpose manipulator has 2~3 degrees-of-freedom. the manipulator's type, may divide into the hydraulic pressure type, the air operated according to the drive type, electromotive type, the mechanical manipulator; May divide into the special-purpose manipulator and the general-purpose manipulator two kinds according to the applicable scope; May divide into the position control and the continuous path according to the path control mode controls the manipulator and so on. the manipulator usually serves as the engine bed or other machine's add-on component, like on the automatic machine or the automatic proction line loading and unloading and the transmission work piece, replaces the cutting tool in the machining center and so on, generally does not have the independent control device. Some operating equipment needs by the person direct control, if uses in the host who the atomic energy department manages the dangerous goods from the type operator also often being called the manipulator.
能模仿人手和臂的某些動作功能，用以按固定程序抓取、搬運物件或操作工具的自動操作裝置。它可代替人的繁重勞動以實現生產的機械化和自動化，能在有害環境下操作以保護人身安全，因而廣泛應用於機械製造、冶金、電子、輕工和原子能等部門。
機械手主要由手部和運動機構組成。手部是用來抓持工件（或工具）的部件，根據被抓持物件的形狀、尺寸、重量、材料和作業要求而有多種結構形式，如夾持型、托持型和吸附型等。運動機構，使手部完成各種轉動（擺動）、移動或復合運動來實現規定的動作，改變被抓持物件的位置和姿勢。運動機構的升降、伸縮、旋轉等獨立運動方式，稱為機械手的自由度 。為了抓取空間中任意位置和方位的物體，需有6個自由度。自由度是機 械手設計的關 鍵參數。自由 度越多，機械手的靈活性越大，通用性越廣，其結構也越復雜。一般專用機械手有2～3個自由度。
機械手的種類，按驅動方式可分為液壓式、氣動式、電動式、機械式機械手；按適用范圍可分為專用機械手和通用機械手兩種；按運動軌跡控制方式可分為點位控制和連續軌跡控制機械手等。
機械手通常用作機床或其他機器的附加裝置，如在自動機床或自動生產線上裝卸和傳遞工件，在加工中心中更換刀具等，一般沒有獨立的控制裝置。有些操作裝置需要由人直接操縱，如用於原子能部門操持危險物品的主從式操作手也常稱為機械手。
❸ 分別以26個字母開頭的職業 英文 急！
具體如下：
1、advertiser廣告商
2、beertaster調酒師
3、cardinal主教
4、doctor醫生
5、electrician電工
6、firefighter消防隊員
7、goldsmith金匠
8、hodman搬運工
9、investigator調查員
10、journalist記者
11、king國王
12、lawyer律師
13、machinist機師
14、naturalist自然學家
15、operator接線員
16、pharmacist葯劑師
17、questionmaster問答主持人
18、racer賽跑選手
19、singer歌者
20、timekeeper計時員
21、underwriter保險人
22、volunteer organizer就是組織志願者去做事的人
23、welder焊接工
24、X-raytechnician做x-ray的技師
25、yacht cleaner就是溜達著小艇清理水面垃圾的人
26、zoologist動物學家
(3)工件裝卸英語怎麼說及英文翻譯擴展閱讀：
部分職業詳細介紹：
1、醫生
醫生，掌握醫葯衛生知識，從事疾病預防和治療的專業人員的統稱。醫生，古代稱大夫或郎中。現在「大夫」一詞在北方人中也常用。在歐美醫生普遍被稱為「Physician」，只有外科醫生被稱呼為「Surgeon」。
2、焊接工
特殊工種之一，運用加熱或加壓，或兩者並用，也可能用填充材料，使工件達到結合的工人。焊接的方式通常有熔焊、壓焊和釺焊三種。
3、動物學家
動物學家是研究動物的科學家。研究對象包括動物生理、動物分類、動物生態、動物馴化等等。職業動物學家一般在大學、生物研究機構或自然博物館工作，有時也在工業機構或養殖機構工作。
他們會聚在一起對動物進行野外調查、實驗、解剖以研究具體課題，把報告或成果寫成書籍在刊物上發表。動物學家一般都有生物物學學位。
❹ 前道工序 英語怎麼說在加工工件的過程中
前道工序
用英語表達
翻譯如下:
front-end proction
❺ 工件的英語翻譯 工件用英語怎麼說
工件
[詞典] workpiece; work; job;
[例句]工件已經上了車床。
The workpiece is already on the lathe.
❻ 機械專業英語在線翻譯
（ 1 ）加工取自於個體的機器,與援助的人,執行過程可以做很多事,機器的過程。
（ 2 ）於1968年,是數控機床,可自動改變了營銷工具以便許多不同的過程可以在一個機器。這種機器成為眾所周知的「加工中心」——一種機器能完成各種工藝和變化的工具時,可編程式控制制下自動。
（ 3 ）加工中心的研究始於歷史的數控（NC）。NC是編程自動化在某種功能的機床控制的編碼指令。
（ 4 ）計算機數控上使用了各式各樣的機器。從single-spindle有打孔機、常常只有two-axis控制,對加工中心,它可以鑽、無聊、銑、攻絲等四a加工中心和控製程序自動選擇和改變多達32預置的工具。這個表格可以移動左/右或/和主軸能搬上/下或在輸入/輸出、定位精度的0.0003歸在40歸的旅行。這台機器有自動化工具的改變,使工件自動工作交接時載入/卸載可加工在進行中。
（ 5 ）自動改變工具的概念已經擴展到NCN車床。這個工具都保留在旋轉刀具雜志和gantry-type工具更換,是用來改變工具。每個magazing持有一種類型的刀具,多才多藝,正在增長,rotary-tool rotary-work聯合行動,milling-in——-turning .Tools單一機器在6秒或更少。它也是常見的提供兩種或兩種以上工位,允許工作時要樹立了工件加工機械,以表作為交換。因此,這樣可以非常高,加工的chip-procing時間通常接近總數的50%。
（ 6 ）兩個新動向以發展加工中心。一是越來越感興趣,在smaller.更緊湊的加工中心,另一種是把重點放在extended-shift甚至無人操作。現代化的加工中心已經作出了重要貢獻許多公司的生產。他們已經排除了失去的時間在機器中,移動工件所需的時間和工件裝卸為獨立運作。此外,他們極力貶低失去的時間改變工具,執行標准操作,對准工件的機器上。
❼ 請問,哪位知道有關機床用刀具以及刀具尺寸方面的英語翻譯謝謝!
金屬加工專業詞中英對照
金屬加工專業詞中英對照
A
abrasion n. 磨料,研磨材料,磨蝕劑, a. 磨損的,磨蝕的
abrasive belt n. 砂帶
abrasive belt grinding n. 砂帶磨削,用研磨帶磨光
abrasive cut-off machine n. 砂輪切斷機
abrasive dressing wheel n. 砂輪修整輪
abrasive grain n. 磨料粒度
abrasive grit n. 研磨用磨料,鐵粒
abrasive lapping wheel n. 磨料研磨輪
accuracy of position n. 位置精度
accuracy to shape n. 形狀精度
active cutting edge n. 主切削刃
adapter flange n. 連接器法蘭盤
adjointing flanks n. 共軛齒廓
align n. 找中(心),找正,對中,對准,找平,調直,校直,調整,調准
angle milling cutter n. 角銑刀
angular grinding n. 斜面磨削,斜磨法
angular milling n. 斜面銑削
angular plunge grinding n. 斜向切入磨削
angular turning n. 斜面車削
arbour n. 刀桿,心軸,柄軸,軸,輥軸
attachment n. 附件,附件機構,聯結,固接,聯結法
automatic bar machine n. 棒料自動車床
automatic boring machine n. 自動鏜床
automatic ing lathe n. 自動仿形車床
automatic double-head milling machine n. 自動雙軸銑床
automatic lathe n. 自動車床
automatic turret lathe n. 自動轉塔車床
B
belt grinding machine n. 砂帶磨床
bench lathe n. 台式車床
bevel n. 斜角，斜面，傾斜，斜切，斜角規，萬能角尺，圓錐的，傾斜的，斜邊，傘齒輪，錐齒輪
bevel gear cutting machine n. 錐齒輪切削機床
bevel gear tooth system n. 錐齒輪系，錐齒輪傳動系統
borehole n. 鏜孔，鏜出的孔，鑽眼
boring n. 鏜孔，鑽孔，穿孔
boring fixture n. 鏜孔夾具
boring machine n. 鏜床
boring tool n. 鏜刀
boring, drilling and milling machine n. 鏜銑床
broaching machine n.拉床，鉸孔機，剝孔機
broaching tool n. 拉刀
broad finishing tool n. 寬刃精切刀，寬刃精車刀，寬刃光切刀
C
Calibrate vt. 校準〔正〕，刻度，分度，檢查〔驗〕，定標，標定,使標准化，使符合標准
cam contour grinder n. 凸輪仿形磨床
carbide tip n. 硬質合金刀片
carbide turning tool n. 硬質合金車刀
carbide-tipped tool n. 硬質合金刀具
cast iron machining n. 鑄鐵加工，鑄鐵切削加工
centerless cylindrical grinder n. 無心外圓磨床
ceramic cutting tool n. 金屬陶瓷刀具
chamfer n.;vt. 倒角，倒棱
chamfered cutting edge n. 倒角刀刃
champ v. 焦急
champing fixture n. 快換夾具
champing jaw n. 快換卡爪
chaser n. 螺紋梳刀，梳刀盤，板牙
chatter vi.;n. 振動，振盪，震顫，刀振
cherry n.;a. 櫻桃，鮮紅的，櫻桃木製的
chip n. 切屑，鐵屑，刀片，刀頭，片，薄片，晶元，基片
chip breaker groove radius n. 斷屑槽底半徑，卷屑槽底半徑
chip clearance n. 切屑間隙
chip cross-sectional area n. 切屑橫截面面積
chip curl n. 螺旋形切屑
chip flow n. 切屑流
chip formation n. 切屑形成
chip removing process n. 去毛刺加工
chip variable n. 切屑變數
chuck n. 卡盤，夾盤，卡頭，〔電磁〕吸盤，vt. 固定，裝卡，夾緊，卡住
chucker n. 卡盤車床，卡角車床
circular drillling machine n. 圓工作台鑽床
circular path n. 環路，圓軌跡
circular pitch measurement n. 周節測量
circumference n. 圓周，周線，周界，周圍，四周，范圍
close-grained a. 細顆粒的
coeffecient of tool thrust n. 刀具推力系數
coil chip n. 卷狀切屑
cold circular saw n. 冷圓鋸
cold saw n. 冷鋸
column drilling machine n. 圓〔方〕柱立式鑽床
combined drill and milling cutter n. 復合鑽銑床
complete traverse grinding n. 橫進給磨削，切入磨削
computer-controlled machine n. 計算機控制機床，數控機床
contact pattern n. 靠模
continuous chip n. 連續切屑
continuous spiral chip n. 連續螺旋切屑
contour n. 輪廓，外形，外貌，輪廓線，迴路，網路，電路，等高線，等值線，輪廓等高距 a. 仿形的，靠模的
contour grinding n. 仿形磨削，成形磨削
contour milling n. 成形銑削，外形銑削，等高走刀曲面仿形法
convex milling attachment n. 凸面銑削附件
convex turning attachment n. 中凸車削附件，凸面車削附件
coolant lubricant n. 冷卻潤滑劑
coolant lubricant emulsion n. 冷卻潤滑乳液〔劑〕
n. 樣板，仿形，靠模工作法，拷貝復製品， v. 復制,模仿,抄錄
grinding n. 仿形磨床
-mill n. 仿形銑
ing turret lathe n. 仿形轉塔車床
corner n. 角,彎〔管〕頭,彎管
counterbore n. 埋頭孔,沉孔,錐口孔,平底擴孔鑽,平底鍃鑽, n.;vt. 擴孔，鍃孔，鏜孔，鏜階梯孔
crankshaft grinding machine n. 曲軸磨床
crankshaft turning lathe n. 曲軸車床
creep feed grinding n. 緩進給磨削
cross milling n. 橫向銑削
curly chip n. 卷狀切屑，螺旋形切屑，切屑螺旋
cut v.;n. 切削〔割〕，口，片，斷，斷開，削減，減少，斷面，剖面，相交，凹槽
cut off n. 切斷〔開，去〕，關閉，停車，停止，斷開裝置，斷流器，擋板，截止，截流
cut teeeth n. 銑齒
cut-off grinding n. 砂輪截斷，砂輪切割
cutter n. 刀具，切削工具，截斷器，切斷器，切斷機
cutting n. 切削，切片，切割，切屑，金屬屑，截槽
cutting edge profile n. 切削刃輪廓〔外形，斷面〕，切削刃角度
cutting force n. 切削力
cutting lip n. 切削刃，刀刃，鑽唇，鑽刃
cutting operation n. 切削加工，切削操作，切削作業
cutting rate n. 切削效率，切削速率
cutting tool n. 刀具，切削工具，刃具
cycle n. 周期，周，循環，一個操作過程，輪轉，自行車
cylindrical grinder n. 外圓磨床
D
damage n.;vt. 損壞〔害，傷，耗，失〕，破壞，事故，故障，傷害，危害
deep-hole drilling n.深孔鑽削
deep-hole milling n. 深孔銑削
design n. 設計，計算，計劃，方案，設計書，圖紙
die-sinking n. 凹模
dimension n. 尺寸，尺度，維度，量綱，因次
direction of the feed motion n. 進給方向，進刀方向
discontinuous chip n. 間斷切屑
distance n. 距離，間隔〔隙〕，長度，vt. 隔開
double-column planer-miller n. 雙柱龍門銑床
dress v. 修飾，修整，平整，整理，清理，裝飾，調制，准備，打磨，磨光，壓平，轎直，清洗，清理，分級
drilling n. 鑽頭，鑽床，穿孔器，鑿岩機，v. 鑽孔，打孔，鑽井，鑽探
drilling machine n. 鑽床，鑽機，鑽孔機，打眼機
drilling tool n. 鑽孔〔削，井，眼〕工具
E
edge point n. 刀口，刀刃
efficiency n. 效率，效能，性能，功率，產量，實力，經濟性，有〔功，實〕效
end mill n. 立銑刀
external grinding n. 外圓磨削
F
face n. 表面，外觀，工作面，表盤，屏，幕 v. 面向，朝向，表面加工，把表面弄平
face grinding machine n. 平面磨床
face milling machine n. 端面磨床
feed force n. 進給力
feed motion n. 進給運動
fine adjustment n. 精調，細調，微調
fine boring n. 精密鏜孔
finish v.;n. 精加工，拋光，修整，表面粗糙度，完工，最後加工，最後階段，塗層，塗料
finish-cutting n. 精加工，最終切削
fixture n. 夾具，夾緊裝置，配件，零件，定位器，支架
form n. 型式，類型，摸板，模型，形成，產生，成形，表格 v. 形〔組，構〕成，產生，作出，成形，造型
form-turn n. 成形車削
free-cutting n. 自由切削，無支承切削，高速切削
G
gap n. 間隔，間隙，距離，范圍，區間，缺口，開口火花隙， vt. 使產生裂縫 vi. 豁開
gear cutting machine n. 齒輪加工機床，切齒機
gear generating grinder n. 磨齒機
gear hob n. 齒輪滾刀
grinding cutter n. 磨具
grinding force n. 磨削力
grinding machine n. 磨床
grinding wheel diameter n. 砂輪直徑
grinding wheel width n. 砂輪寬度
groove n. 槽，切口，排屑槽，空心槽，坡口，vt. 切〔開，銑〕槽
groove milling n.銑槽
H
headstock spindle n. 床頭箱主軸，主軸箱主軸，頭架軸
helical tooth system n. 螺旋齒輪傳動裝置
high precision lathe n. 高精度車床
high-speed n. 高速
high-speed machining n. 高速加工
hob n. 齒輪滾刀，滾刀，螺旋銑刀，v. 滾銑，滾齒，滾削
horsepower n. 馬力
hobbing machine n. 滾齒機，螺旋銑床，擠壓制模壓力機，反應陰模機
hole n. 孔，洞，坑，槽，空穴，孔道，管道，v. 鑽〔穿，沖，開〕孔，打洞
hone n. vt. 磨石，油石，珩磨頭，磨孔器，珩磨，
honing machine n. 珩磨機，珩床，搪磨床，磨孔機，磨氣缸機
I
inclination n. 傾斜，斜度，傾角，斜角〔坡〕，彎曲，偏〔差，角〕轉
increment n. 增量，增加，增〔大〕長
indexing table automatic n. 自動分度工作台
infeed grinding n. 切入式磨削
installation n. 裝置，設備，台，站，安裝，設置
internal grinding n. 內圓磨削
involute hob n. 漸開線滾刀
J
jig boring machine n. 坐標鏜床
K
keyway cutting n. 鍵槽切削加工
knurling tool n. 滾花刀具，壓花刀具，滾花刀
L
laedscrew machine n. 絲杠加工機床
lap grinding n. 研磨
lapping n. 研磨，拋光，精研，搭接，擦准
lathe n. 車床
lathe dog n. 車床軋頭，卡箍，雞心夾頭，離心夾頭，制動爪，車床擋塊
lathe tool n. 車刀
level n. 水平，水準，水平線，水平儀，水準儀，電平，能級，程度，強度，a. 水平的，相等的，均勻的，平穩的
loading time n. 裝載料時間，荷重時間，充填時間，充氣時間
lock n. 鎖，栓，閘，閉鎖裝置，鎖型，同步，牽引，v. 閉鎖，關閉，卡住，固定，定位，制動剎住
longitudinal grinding n. 縱磨
low capacity machine n. 小功率機床〔機器〕
M
machine axis n. 機床中心線
machine table n. 機床工作台
machine tool n. 機床，工作母機
machining n. 機械加工，切削加工
machining (or cutting) variable n. 加工（或切削）變數
machining allowance n. 機械加工餘量
machining cycle n. 加工循環
machining of metals n. 金屬切削加工，金屬加工
magazine automatic n. 自動化倉庫，自動化料斗，自動存貯送料裝置
manufacture n. 製造者，生產者，廠商，產品，製造
material removing rate n. 材料去除率
metal cutting n. 金屬切削
metal-cutting technology n. 金屬切削工藝學，金屬切削工藝〔技術〕
metal-cutting tool n. 金屬切削刀具，金屬切削工具
micrometer adjustment n. 微調
milling n. 銑削，磨碎，磨整，選礦
milling feed n. 銑削進給，銑削走刀量，銑削走刀機構
milling machine n. 銑床
milling spindle n. 銑床主軸
milling tool n. 銑削刀具，銑削工具
mount v. 固定，安裝，裝配，裝置，架設，n. 固定件，支架，座，裝置，機構
mounting n. 安裝，裝配，固定，機架，框架，裝置
mounting fixture n. 安裝夾具，固定夾具
N
Nose n. 鼻子，端，前端，凸頭，刀尖，機頭，突出部分，伸出部分
number of revolutions n. 轉數
numerical control n. 數字控制
numerically controlled lathe n. 數控車床
O
oblique grinding n. 斜切式磨床
operate v. 操縱，控制，運行，工作，動作，運算
operating cycle n. 工作循環
operation n. 運轉，操作，控制，工作，作業，運算，計算
operational instruction n. 操作說明書，操作說明
operational safety n. 操作安全性，使用可靠性
oscillating type abrasive cutting machine n. 擺動式砂輪切割機
oscillation n. 振動，振盪，擺動，顫振，振幅
out-cut milling n. 切口銑削
oxide ceramics n. 氧化物陶瓷
oxide-ceramic cutting tool n. 陶瓷刀具
P
performance n. 實行，執行，完成，特性，性能，成品，製作品，行為，動作，生產率，效率
peripheral grinding n. 圓周磨削
peripheral speed n. 圓周速度，周速，邊緣速度
perpendicular a. 垂直的，正交的，成直角的 n. 垂直，正交，豎直，垂線，垂直面
physical entity n. 實體，實物
pitch n. 齒距，節距，鉚間距，螺距，極距，輥距，坡度，高跨比，俯仰角
pitch circle n. 節圓
plain (or cylindrical) milling machine n. 普通（或圓柱形）銑床
plain grinding n. 平面磨削
plain turning n. 平面車床
plane n. 平面，面，投影，刨，水平，程度，階段，飛機 a.平的 v. 弄平，整平，刨，飛行
plane milling n. 平面銑削
plane-mill n. 平面銑刀，平面銑床
plunge mill n. 模向進給滾軋機
plunge-cut n. 切入式磨削，橫向進給磨削，全面進刀法，全面進給法
plunge-cut thread grinder n. 切入式螺紋磨床
plunge-grinding n. 切入式磨削
point n. 點，尖端，刀尖，針尖，指針，交點，要點，論點，特點 v. 指，面向，瞄準，對准，表明，弄尖，強調
power n. 功率，效率，能〔容，力〕量，動力，電源，能源 v. 驅〔拖，帶，發〕動，給...以動力
power hacksaw n. 機動弓鋸〔鋼鋸〕
precision boring n. 精鏜
precision boring machine n. 精密鏜床
precision machining n. 精密機械加工
pressure angle n. 壓力角
primary cutting edge n. 主切削刃
principal feed motion n. 主進給運動，主進刀運動
proction method s n. 生產方法[式]
profile n. 輪廓，形面，剖面，側面圖，分布圖。外形，齒形 vt. 仿形切削，靠模加工，畫...的輪廓
profile cutting tool n. 成形刀具，成形銑刀，定形刀具
profile mill n.仿形銑削，仿形機床
Q
radial drilling machine n. 搖臂鑽床
ram n. 挑桿，挺桿，伸桿，沖頭，壓頭，活塞，滑板，拖板，滑枕 v. 錘擊，壓，打，迅速移動，填充
rapid traverse rate of feed n. 快速橫向進給速度
rate n. 比率，率，速率，速度，頻率，價格，等級，評定，評價，定等級，定額，定價，價 v. 評定，估計，計算，測量
re-machining n. 再加工，重新加工
reamer n. 鉸刀，鍃鑽，擴孔鑽，擴錐，整孔鑽 v. 擴大...的孔，鉸〔擴〕孔
reference circle n. 參考圓，分度圓
relief-grind n. 鏟磨
resharpen vt. 再磨銳，再磨快，重新變鋒利
resistance to deflection n. 抗彎曲
rest position n. 靜止位置
S
self-excited (or self-inced) vibrations n. 自激振動
self-excited (or self-inced) vibrations pl. n. 半自動車床
semi-automatic lathe n. 操作順序，作用順序
sequence of operations a. 齒的，細齒的，齒形的，vt. 使成鋸齒形
serrate n. 鋸齒，細齒，細花鍵連接，齒面
serration n. 使用〔運行，工作〕壽命，使用期限
service life n. 裝置，設備，機組，用具，支架，台，站，校準，定位，固定，套，a. 固定的，裝好的，做成的，正式的，v. 放置，安放，建立，擺，調整，校準，配合，定位
set n. 調整參數
setting parameter n. 柄，把手，手柄，刀柄，刀桿，柄部，軸，支柱，支架，鏡身，鏡筒，開溝器，車鉤身
shank n. 形狀，形態，形成，模型，輪廓，種類，型材 v. 成形，形成，塑造，計劃，實現，發展
shape n. 抗剪強度
shear strength n. 空心端銑刀，圓筒形銑刀
shell end mill n. 套式刀具
shell tool n. 墊片，分隔片，夾鐵，夾片，補償棒，v. 用墊片調整，填隙，墊上墊片，調整
shim n. 肩，台肩，凸出部，掛耳，胎緣， vt. 肩，挑起，承擔
shoulder n. 階梯孔
shouldered hole n. 碳化硅，金剛砂 v. 下沉，降，減少，挖，掘，雕，刻，打進，埋入 n. 穴，沉，溝，變換〔交換，換能，轉變〕器，散熱器
silicon carbide n. 燒結硬質合金
sink n. 燒結金屬，金屬陶瓷
sintered carbide metal n. 大小，尺寸，體積，量值，度量，號，規模
sintered metal vt. 量尺寸，測定〔估計〕大小，按一定尺寸製造，篩分，定徑，上膠
size n. 車削外圓
skin turning n. 切薄片，刮削
skiving n. 磨輪
skiving wheel n. 潤面銑刀，扁鋼坯軋機
slab-mill n. 滑板磨削，片條磨削
slip grinding n. 槽，溝，窄口，切口，裂口，長眼，長方形孔，縫隙，軌跡，vt. 切槽，打孔，插削，立刨，跟蹤
slot n. 銑槽
slot milling n. 間隔，距離，區間，格，空間，場地，v. 留間隔，隔開，空格，留出空間，配置
space n. 速度〔率〕，迅速，轉數，v. 加快〔速〕，提高...的速度，調整...的速度，急行
speed n. 速度控制，轉速控制
speed control n. 速度范圍，轉速范圍
speed range n. 螺旋角，捻角
spiral angle n. 花鍵銑床
spline milling machine n. 花鍵軸，多鍵軸
splineshaft n. 彈簧套爪夾頭
spring-collet chuck a. 直的，水平的，正向的，正確的，可靠的，整齊的，n. 直，尺，直邊，ad. 直，一直，筆直，立刻
straight n. 直齒輪切削
straight gear cutting n. 直線車削
straight turning n. 機械硬化，加工硬化，應變硬化
strain hardening n. 行程，沖程，擊，敲
stroke vt. 超精加工，超級研磨
superfinish n. 表面光潔度，面漆，表面修琢
surface finish n. 平面磨削
surface grinding n. 平面磨床
surface grinding machine n. 表面質量
T
table feed n. 工作台進給，工作台進刀
table feed motion n. 工作台進給運動，工作台進刀運動
tap n. 塞子，龍頭，絲錐，螺塞，開關，刻紋器，壓頭 v. 使流出，放出，出鋼，堵塞，攻螺絲
taper boring n. 圓錐形孔鏜削
taper grinding n. 圓錐形孔磨削
taper turning n. 圓錐形孔車削
tapping n. 攻絲，出銑，出鋼，出渣，鑽孔，導出液體，澆注
tapping machine n. 攻絲機，開口機，開鐵口機
thread n. 螺紋，車螺紋，線，線索，細絲,纖維 vt. 車螺紋，擰螺絲，穿線，上螺母，穿過
thread chaser n. 螺紋梳刀，螺紋花刀
thread cutting n. 螺紋切削
thread grinding n. 螺紋磨削
thread milling n. 螺紋銑削
thread profile n. 螺紋牙型
threading die n. 螺紋板牙，螺絲模盤
tilt v. 傾，斜置，翻轉，擺動， n. 傾斜，斜度〔面，率，坡〕，仰角，傾角，落錘
tilting table n. 傾斜工作台
time per cut n. 每次切削的時間
tolerance in size n. 尺寸公差
tool n. 工〔用，器，刀，刃，量，機〕具，器械，儀器，設備，機床，附件 v. 用工具加工，切削加工，裝備工具
tool bore n. 工具內徑，刀具內徑
tool chuck n. 刀具夾頭
tool face n. 刀面
tool life n. 工具使用壽命，刀具使用壽命
tool life between resharpening n. 一次重磨的刀具使用壽命
tool major cutting edge n. 刀具主切削刀
tool mark n. 刀痕
tool material n. 刀具材料，工具材料
tooling n. 工〔刀，刃〕具，儀器，用刀具加工，機床安裝，成套工具，工藝裝置，調整工具，調整機床
tooling allowance n. 刀具公差
tooth n. 齒，牙，齒壯物，刃瓣，凸輪，齒形插口，v. 切齒，銼齒，使成鋸齒狀，使表面粗糙，嚙合，齒連接
tooth gap n. 齒隙
tooth generation grinding n. 齒形滾磨加工
tooth profile n. 齒形，齒廓
torque n. 轉矩，v. 扭矩
total pitch variation n. 節距累積偏差
transverse pitch n. 齒距，齒面
trimmer tool n. 修邊工具
true-running accuracy n. 實際旋轉精度
turn v. 旋轉，轉，轉向，繞過，傾倒，彎曲，n. 旋轉，轉動，變向，彎曲，轉角，變化，轉數，車床
turned part n. 車床部件
turning diameter n. 車削直徑
turret drill n. 轉塔鑽床
turret head n. 轉塔刀架，六角頭，六角刀架，回轉頭
turret lathe n. 轉塔式六角車床，轉塔車床，六角車床
U
ultrasonic drilling machine n. 超聲波打孔機床
ultrasonic machining n. 超聲波加工
undercut n.;v. 下〔底，根〕切，從下部切開，切去下部，沉割，切槽
universal boring tool n. 萬能鏜刀
universal lathe n. 萬能車床
useful life n. 使用壽命,有效壽命
V
variation of speed ranges n. 速度范圍改變
vertical a. vertical boring and turning mill n. 立式鏜銑床
vertical spindle rotary-table miller n. 立式回轉工作台銑床
vertical turret lathe n. 立式轉塔車床，立式六角車床
vertical-spindle milling machine n. 立式銑床
vibration mark n. 振動極限，振動界限
vitrified bonded grinding wheel n. 陶土燒結磨輪
volume n. 體（容）積，容量，音量，聲量，響度，盤，疊，大量，許多，a. 大量的
volume of metal removed by cutting n. 被切除的金屬體積
volume of wheel grain wear n. 磨輪顆粒磨損體積
W
wear (out) v.;n. 磨損，損壞，磨耗〔壞，蝕，破〕，消耗，耗損，用〔變〕舊，耐用，耐磨，耐久，顯出
wear mark n. 磨損極限，磨損界限，磨損限度
wheel marks n. 砂輪的指標，砂輪代號
whirling n. 旋轉，渦流，渦動，回轉，旋轉物
work cycle n. 工作循環
work mounting s (or loading) n. 工件支架，工件支承
workholding table n. 工件夾緊工作台
working area n. 工作區，加工面積，臨時存貯區，中間存貯區
working cutting edge n. 主切削刃
working feed n. 工作進給
working plane n. 工作的橫向面積（刀車）
working power n. 工作的功率，加工功率
working stroke n. 工作行程，工作沖程
working surface n. 加工面，工作面
workpiece n. 工件，軋件，分部工程
workpiece diameter n. 工件直徑，軋件直徑
workpiece motion s n. 工件運動，軋件運動
workpiece peripheral speed n. 工件的圓周轉速
workpiece rotational frequency n. 工件的轉速
workpiece rotational motion n. 工件的回轉運動
worktable n. 工作台
worm n. 蝸桿，螺桿，蛇形管
wormwheel n. 蝸輪
Z
zero setting n. 調零，零位調整
❽ 求一篇英文文章及其中文翻譯。。
Introction of Machining
Have a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the proction of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the workpiece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete.
Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost proction. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every proction of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a proction of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the proction batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to proce, but usually prefer machining.
Strict precision and good surface finish, Machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of proction belonging to the large-scale proction, Well Machining is a low-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch proction. Besides, many parts on the proction and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be concted immediately after the mechanical completion of the processing.
Primary Cutting Parameters
Cutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool.
Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must be correct.
Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate.
Progressive Tool to speed is cut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to。
Depth of penetration of a cutting tool -- to inches dollars -- is the tool to the work piece distance. Rotary cutting it to the chip or equal to the width of the linear cutting chip thickness. Rough than finishing, deeper penetration of a cutting tool depth.
Wears of Cutting Tool
We already have been processed and the rattle of the countless cracks edge tool, we learn that tool wear are basically three forms : flank wear, the former flank wear and V-Notch wear. Flank wear occurred in both the main blade occurred vice blade. On the main blade, shoulder removed because most metal chip mandate, which resulted in an increase cutting force and cutting temperature increase, If not allowed to check, That could lead to the work piece and the tool vibration and provide for efficient cutting conditions may no longer exist. Vice-bladed on, it is determined work piece dimensions and surface finish. Flank wear size of the possible failure of the proct and surface finish are also inferior. In most actual cutting conditions, as the principal in the former first deputy flank before flank wear, wear arrival enough, Tool will be effective, the results are made unqualified parts.
As Tool stress on the surface uneven, chip and flank before sliding contact zone between stress, in sliding contact the start of the largest, and in contact with the tail of zero, so abrasive wear in the region occurred. This is because the card cutting edge than the nearby settlements near the more serious wear, and bladed chip e to the vicinity of the former flank and lost contact wear lighter. This results from a certain distance from the cutting edge of the surface formed before the knife point Ma pit, which is usually considered before wear. Under normal circumstances, this is wear cross-sectional shape of an arc. In many instances and for the actual cutting conditions, the former flank wear compared to flank wear light, Therefore flank wear more generally as a tool failure of scale signs. But because many authors have said in the cutting speed of the increase, Maeto surface temperature than the knife surface temperatures have risen faster. but because any form of wear rate is essentially temperature changes by the significant impact. Therefore, the former usually wear in high-speed cutting happen.
The main tool flank wear the tail is not processed with the work piece surface in contact, Therefore flank wear than wear along with the ends more visible, which is the most common. This is because the local effect, which is as rough on the surface has hardened layer, This effect is by cutting in front of the hardening of the work piece. Not just cutting, and as oxidation skin, the blade local high temperature will also cause this effect. This partial wear normally referred to as pit sexual wear, but occasionally it is very serious. Despite the emergence of the pits on the Cutting Tool nature is not meaningful impact, but often pits graally become darker If cutting continued the case, then there cutter fracture crisis.
If any form of sexual allowed to wear, eventually wear rate increase obviously will be a tool to destroy failure destruction, that will no longer tool for cutting, cause the work piece scrapped, it is good, can cause serious damage machine. For various carbide cutting tools and for the various types of wear, in the event of a serious lapse, on the tool that has reached the end of the life cycle. But for various high-speed steel cutting tools and wear belonging to the non-uniformity of wear, has been found : When the wear and even to allow for a serious lapse, the most meaningful is that the tool can re-mill use, of course, In practice, cutting the time to use than the short time lapse. Several phenomena are one tool serious lapse began features : the most common is the sudden increase cutting force, appeared on the work piece burning ring patterns and an increase in noise.
The Effect of Changes in Cutting Parameters on Cutting Temperatures
In metal cutting operations heat is generated in the primary and secondary deformation zones and this results in a complex temperature distribution throughout the tool, workpiece and chip. A typical set of isotherms is shown in figure where it can be seen that, as could be expected, there is a very large temperature gradient throughout the width of the chip as the workpiece material is sheared in primary deformation and there is a further large temperature in the chip adjacent to the face as the chip is sheared in secondary deformation. This leads to a maximum cutting temperature a short distance up the face from the cutting edge and a small distance into the chip.
Since virtually all the work done in metal cutting is converted into heat, it could be expected that factors which increase the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed will increase the cutting temperature. Thus an increase in the rake angle, all other parameters remaining constant, will rece the power per unit volume of metal removed and cutting temperatures will rece. When considering increase in undeformed chip thickness and cutting speed the situation is more comples. An increase in undeformed chip thickness and cutting speed the situation is more complex. An increase in undeformed chip thickness tends to be a scale effect where the amounts of heat which pass to the workpiece, the tool and chip remain in fixed proportions and the changes in cutting temperature tend to be small. Increase in cutting speed, however, rece the amount of heat which passes into the workpiece and this increase the temperature rise of the chip in primary deformation. Further, the secondary deformation zone tends to be smaller and this has the effect of increasing the temperatures in this zone. Other changes in cutting parameters have virtually no effect on the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed and consequently have virtually no effect on the power consumed per unit volume of metal removed and consequently have virtually no effect on the cutting temperatures. Since it has been shown that even small changes in cutting temperature have a significant effect on tool wear rate, it is appropriate to indicate how cutting temperatures can be assessed from cutting data.
The most direct and accurate method for measuring temperatures in high-speed-steel cutting tools is that of Wright&Trent which also yields detailed information on temperature distributions in high-speed-steel tools which relates microstructural changes to thermal history.
Trent has described measurements of cutting temperatures and temperature distributions for high-speed-steel tools when machining a wide range of workpiece materials. This technique has been further developed by using scanning electron micros to study fine-scale microstructural changes srising from over tempering of the tempered martensitic matrix of various high-speed-steels. This technique has also been used to study temperature distributions in both high-speed-steel single point turning tools and twist drills.
Automatic Fixture Design
Assembly equipment used in the traditional synchronous fixture put parts of the fixture mobile center, to ensure that components from transmission from the plane or equipment plate placed after removal has been scheled for position. However, in certain applications, mobile mandatory parts of the center line, it may cause parts or equipment damage. When parts vulnerability and may lead to a small vibration abandoned, or when their location is by machine spindle or specific to die, Tolerance again or when the request is a sophisticated, it would rather let the fixture to adapt to the location of parts, and not the contrary. For these tasks, Elyria, Ohio, the company has developed Zaytran a general non-functional data synchronization West category FLEXIBILITY fixture. Fixture because of the interaction and synchronization devices is independent, The synchronous device can use sophisticated equipment to replace the slip without affecting the fixture force. Fixture specification range from 0.2 inches itinerary, 5 pounds clamping force of the six-inch trip, 400-inch clamping force.
The characteristics of modern proction is becoming smaller and smaller quantities and proct specifications biggest changes. Therefore, in the final stages of proction, assembly of proction, quantity and proct design changes appear to be particularly vulnerable. This situation is forcing many companies to make greater efforts to rationalize the extensive reform and the previously mentioned case of assembly automation. Despite flexible fixture behind the rapid development of flexible transport and handling devices, such as backward in the development of instrial robots, it is still expected to increase the flexibility fixture. In fact the important fixture devices -- the proction of the devices to strengthen investment on the fixture so that more flexibility in economic support holders.
According to their flexibility and fixture can be divided into : special fixture, the fixture combinations, the standard fixture, high flexible fixture. Flexible fixture on different parts of their high adaptability and the few low-cost replacement for the characteristic.
Forms can transform the structure of the flexible fixture can be installed with the change of structure components (such as needle cheek plate, Multi-chip components and flake cheek plate), a non-standard work piece gripper or clamping elements (for example : commencement standard with a clamping fixture and mobile components fixture supporting documents), or with ceramic or hardening of the intermediary substances (such as : Mobile particle bed fixture and heat fixture tight fixture). To proction, the parts were secured fixture, the need to generate clamping function, its fixture with a few unrelated to the sexual submissive steps :
According to the processing was part of that foundation and working characteristics to determine the work piece fixture in the required position, then need to select some stability flat combination, These constitute a stable plane was fixed in the work piece fixture set position on the clamp-profile structure, all balanced and torque, it has also ensured that the work features close to the work piece. Finally, it must be calculated and adjusted, assembly or disassembly be standard fixture components required for the position, so that the work piece firmly by clamping fixture in China. In accordance with this procere, the outline fixture structure and equipped with the planning and recording process can be automated control.
Structural modeling task is to proce some stable flat combination, Thus, these plane of the work pieces clamping force and will fixture stability. According to usual practice, this task can be human-machine dialogue that is almost completely automated way to completion. A man-machine dialogue that is automated fixture structure modeling to determine the merits can be concted in an organized and planning fixture design, rece the amount of the design, shortening the study period and better distribution of work conditions. In short, can be successfully achieved significantly improve fixture efficiency and effectiveness.
Fully prepared to structure programs and the number of material circumstances, the completion of the first successful assembly can save up to 60% of the time.
Therefore fixture process modeling agencies is the purpose of the program have appropriate documents.
加工基礎
作為產生形狀的一種加工方法，機械加工是所有製造過程中最普遍使用的而且是最重要的方法。機械加工過程是一個產生形狀的過程，在這過程中，驅動裝置使工件上的一些材料以切屑的形式被去除。盡管在某些場合，工件無承受情況下，使用移動式裝備來實現加工，但大多數的機械加工是通過既支承工件又支承刀具的裝備來完成。
機械加工在知道過程中具備兩方面。小批生產低費用。對於鑄造、鍛造和壓力加工，每一個要生產的具體工件形狀，即使是一個零件，幾乎都要花費高額的加工費用。靠焊接來產生的結構形狀，在很大程度上取決於有效的原材料的形式。一般來說，通過利用貴重設備而又無需特種加工條件下，幾乎可以以任何種類原材料開始，藉助機械加工把原材料加工成任意所需要的結構形狀，只要外部尺寸足夠大，那都是可能的。因此對於生產一個零件，甚至當零件結構及要生產的批量大小上按原來都適於用鑄造、鍛造或者壓力加工來生產的，但通常寧可選擇機械加工。
嚴密的精度和良好的表面光潔度，機械加工的第二方面用途是建立在高精度和可能的表面光潔度基礎上。許多零件，如果用別的其他方法來生產屬於大批量生產的話，那麼在機械加工中則是屬於低公差且又能滿足要求的小批量生產了。另方面，許多零件靠較粗的生產加工工藝提高其一般表面形狀，而僅僅是在需要高精度的且選擇過的表面才進行機械加工。例如內螺紋，除了機械加工之外，幾乎沒有別的加工方法能進行加工。又如已鍛工件上的小孔加工，也是被鍛後緊接著進行機械加工才完成的。
基本的機械加工參數
切削中工件與刀具的基本關系是以以下四個要素來充分描述的：刀具的幾何形狀，切削速度，進給速度，和吃刀深度。
切削刀具必須用一種合適的材料來製造，它必須是強固、韌性好、堅硬而且耐磨的。刀具的幾何形狀——以刀尖平面和刀具角為特徵——對於每一種切削工藝都必須是正確的。
切削速度是切削刃通過工件表面的速率，它是以每分鍾英寸來表示。為了有效地加工，切削速度高低必須適應特定的工件——刀具配合。一般來說，工件材料越硬，速度越低。
進給速度是刀具切進工件的速度。若工件或刀具作旋轉運動，進給量是以每轉轉過的英寸數目來度量的。當刀具或工件作往復運動時，進給量是以每一行程走過的英寸數度量的。一般來說，在其他條件相同時，進給量與切削速度成反比。
吃刀深度——以英寸計——是刀具進入工件的距離。它等於旋削中的切屑寬度或者等於線性切削中的切屑的厚度。粗加工比起精加工來，吃刀深度較深。
切削參數的改變對切削溫度的影響
金屬切削操作中，熱是在主變形區和副變形區發生的。這結果導致復雜的溫度分布遍及刀具、工件和切屑。圖中顯示了一組典型等溫曲線，從中可以看出：像所能預料的那樣，當工件材料在主變形區被切削時，沿著整個切屑的寬度上有著很大的溫度梯度，而當在副變形區，切屑被切落時，切屑附近的前刀面上就有更高的溫度。這導致了前刀面和切屑離切削刃很近的地方切削溫度較高。
實質上由於在金屬切削中所做的全部功能都被轉化為熱，那就可以預料：被切離金屬的單位體積功率消耗曾家的這些因素就將使切削溫度升高。這樣刀具前角的增加而所有其他參數不變時，將使切離金屬的單位體積所耗功率減小，因而切削溫度也將降低。當考慮到未變形切屑厚度增加和切削速度，這情形就更是復雜。未變形切屑厚度的增加趨勢必導致通過工件的熱的總數上產生比例效應，刀具和切屑仍保持著固定的比例，而切削溫度變化傾向於降低。然而切削速度的增加，傳導到工件上的熱的數量減少而這又增加主變形區中的切屑溫升。進而副變形區勢必更小，這將在該區內產生升溫效應。其他切削參數的變化，實質上對於被切離的單位體積消耗上並沒有什麼影響，因此實際上對切削溫度沒有什麼作用。因為事實已經表明：切削溫度即使有小小的變化對刀具磨損率都將有實質意義的影響作用。這表明如何人從切削參數來確定切削溫度那是很合適的。
為著測定高速鋼刀具溫度的最直接和最精確的方法是W&T法，這方法也就是可提供高速鋼刀具溫度分布的詳細信息的方法。該項技術是建立在高速鋼刀具截面金相顯微測試基礎上，目的是要建立顯微結構變化與熱變化規律圖線關系式。當要加工廣泛的工件材料時，Trent已經論述過測定高速鋼刀具的切削溫度及溫度分布的方法。這項技術由於利用電子顯微掃描技術已經進一步發展，目的是要研究將已回過火和各種馬氏體結構的高速鋼再回火引起的微觀顯微結構變化情況。這項技術亦用於研究高速鋼單點車刀和麻花鑽的溫度分布。
刀具磨損
從已經被處理過的無數脆裂和刃口裂紋的刀具中可知，刀具磨損基本上有三種形式：後刀面磨損，前刀面磨損和V型凹口磨損。後刀面磨損既發生在主刀刃上也發生副刀刃上。關於主刀刃，因其擔負切除大部金屬切屑任務，這就導致增加切削力和提高切削溫度，如果聽任而不加以檢查處理，那可能導致刀具和工件發生振動且使有效切削的條件可能不再存在。關於副刀刃，那是決定著工件的尺寸和表面光潔度的，後刀面磨損可能造成尺寸不合格的產品而且表面光潔度也差。在大多數實際切削條件下，由於主前刀面先於副前刀面磨損，磨損到達足夠大時，刀具將實效，結果是製成不合格零件。
由於刀具表面上的應力分布不均勻，切屑和前刀面之間滑動接觸區應力，在滑動接觸區的起始處最大，而在接觸區的尾部為零，這樣磨蝕性磨損在這個區域發生了。這是因為在切削卡住區附近比刀刃附近發生更嚴重的磨損，而刀刃附近因切屑與前刀面失去接觸而磨損較輕。這結果離切削刃一定距離處的前刀面上形成麻點凹坑，這些通常被認為是前刀面的磨損。通常情況下，這磨損橫斷面是圓弧形的。在許多情況中和對於實際的切削狀況而言，前刀面磨損比起後刀面磨損要輕，因此後刀面磨損更普遍地作為刀具失效的尺度標志。然而因許多作者已經表示過的那樣在增加切削速度情況下，前刀面上的溫度比後刀面上的溫度升得更快，而且又因任何形式的磨損率實質上是受到溫度變化的重大影響。因此前刀面的磨損通常在高速切削時發生的。