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英語作文怎麼比喻

發布時間: 2024-10-10 08:29:48

A. 英語的文采是怎麼回事

當然英文也一樣講究文采。英語也和漢語一樣,講就修辭。通過修辭,對文章起到美化的效果。如果能在英文里用上這些修辭,一定會讓你的文章更出采。
如下:
1. 比喻 (metaphor)

比喻就是打比方。可分為明喻和暗喻:

明喻 (simile):

用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他詞語指出兩個不同事物的相似之處。例如:

O my love's like a red, red rose. 我的愛人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰花。

The man can't be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那個人不可信賴。他像鰻魚一樣狡猾。

He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起來。

Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一場疾逝的夢。

暗喻 (metaphor):

用一個詞來指代與該詞所指事物有相似特點的另外一個事物。例如:

He has a heart of stone. 他有一顆鐵石心腸。

The world is a stage. 世界是一個大舞台。

2. 換喻(metonymy)

用某一事物的名稱代替另外一個與它關系密切的事物的名稱,只要一提到其中一種事物,就會使人聯想到另一種。比如用the White House 代替美國政府或者總統, 用the bottle來代替wine 或者alcohol, 用the bar 來代替the legal profession,用 crown代替 king等。例如:

His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的經濟條件不允許他享受那種奢華。

The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母親盡最大努力照看孩子。

He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年繼承了王位。

3. 提喻 (synecdoche)

指用部分代表整體或者用整體代表部分,以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如:

He earns his bread by writing. 他靠寫作掙錢謀生。

The farms were short of hands ring the harvest season. 在收獲季節里農場缺乏勞動力。

Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亞隊在板球比賽中擊敗了加拿大隊。

He is the Newton of this century. 他是這個世紀的牛頓。

4. 擬人 (personification)

把事物或者概念當作人或者具備人的品質的寫法叫擬人。例如:

My heart was singing. 我的心在歌唱。

This time fate was smiling to him. 這一次命運朝他微笑了。

The flowers nodded to her while she passed. 當她經過的時候花兒向她點頭致意。

The wind whistled through the trees. 風穿過樹叢,樹葉嘩嘩作響。

5. 委婉 (euphemism)

用溫和的、間接的詞語代替生硬的、粗俗的詞語,以免直接說出不愉快的事實冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫、沮喪的局面。例如:

用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us 代替 to die

用senior citizens代替old people

用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil

用weight watcher代替 fat people

用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum

用emotionally disturbed代替mad

用washroom, men's / women's room代替 lavatory

用 handicapped代替 crippled

用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged 代替 poor people

6. 雙關 (pun)

用同音異義或者一詞二義來達到詼諧幽默的效果:表面上是一個意思,而實際上卻暗含另一個意思,這種暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如:

A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)

一發炮彈打斷了他的腿,所以他繳械投降了。

「Can I try on that gown in the window?」 asked a would-be customer.

「Certainly not, madam!」 replied the salesman. 我可以試穿一下櫥窗里的那件睡袍嗎?或者:我可以在櫥窗里試穿那件睡袍嗎?

Seven days without water make one weak (week). 七天沒有水使一個人虛弱。或者:七天沒有水就是一周沒有水。

7. 反語 (irony)

使用與真正意義相反的詞,正話反說或者反話正說,從對立的角度運用詞義來產生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亞的戲劇 Julius Caesar 中的一個運用反語的很好的例子,Brutus出於野心刺殺了 Caesar, Caesar 的好友Antony 譏諷Brutus 說:

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—

For Brutus is an honorable man;

So are they all, all honorable men—

Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.

He was my friend, faithful and just to me:

But Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honorable man.

在 Antony 的話里反復使用 honorable這個詞就是一個反語的例子。

8. 矛盾修飾 (oxymoron)

把相互矛盾的兩個詞用在一起的修辭方法。它利用詞義表面的相互矛盾使表層的不和諧統一在思想內容的深層,從而揭示事物對立統一的本質特徵,達到加深印象的目的。例如:

She read the long-awaited letter with a tearful smile. 她帶著含淚的微笑讀那封盼望已久的信。

The coach had to be cruel to be kind to his trainees.教練為了對他的受訓者仁慈就要對他們殘酷。

During his useful life he often felt he was useless. 在他大有作為的一生中他老是感到自己無用。

其他還有sweet pain; thunderous silence; luxurious poverty; heavy lightness; living death; impossible hope 等等。

9. 軛式搭配 (zeugma)

把適用於某一事物的詞語順勢用到另外一事物上的方法。在同一個句子里一個詞可以修飾或者控制兩個或更多的詞,它可以使語言活潑,富有幽默感。例如:

She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy. 她對那無家可歸的男孩打開了房門,也敞開了胸懷。

As I left home after breakfast, I shivered inwardly as well as outwardly. 早餐之後我離開家的時候,我的里里外外都在顫抖。

I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. 我希望我的馬能有你的舌頭的速度。

10. 移位修飾(transferred epithet)

將本應該用來修飾某一類名詞的修飾語用來修飾另一類名詞。例如:

There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出現了一陣短暫的、令人沉思的寂靜。

The old man put a reassuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一隻令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。

He closed his busy life at the age of sixty. 在六十歲時他結束了他那忙碌的一生。

This is the cheapest market in this country. 這是這個國家最便宜的市場了。

11. 頭韻 (alliteration)

兩個或者更多的詞以相同的音韻或者字母開頭就構成頭韻。例如:

proud as a peacock

blind as a bat

safe and sound

Long and loudly little Lily laughed. 小莉莉長時間地、大聲地笑著。

The windows waved violently in the wind. 窗戶在風中劇烈地搖動。

The sun sank slowly. 太陽慢慢地下沉。

12. 漸進 (climax)

根據事物的邏輯關系,由小到大,由輕到重,由淺到深,由低到高,由少到多依次漸進地進行描述或論述。這種整齊的結構可以使人們的思想認識一層層深化提高,增強語言的感染力和說服力。例如:

I came; I saw; I conquer. 我來了;我看到了;我征服。

Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 讀書使人充實;交談使人機智;寫作使人精確。

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 書有可淺嘗者,有可吞咽者,更有少數須消化咀嚼者。

Lincoln recognized worth in the common people; he loved the common people; he fought for the common people; and he died for the common people. 林肯認識到平民大眾的價值;他熱愛平民大眾;他為平民大眾而斗爭;他為平民大眾而獻身。

B. 英語作文my dream的比喻開頭,要三個簡單點的比喻句,用英語寫出,不會者,勿擾

Dreams are like food to our soul, water to our thirst for achievements and destination of our final success. Everybody has a dream, so do I. My dream is to ....(接下來的你就可以自己補充了)

C. 英語寫作的幾種修辭手法

許多考生反映自己的英語寫作要麼十分“中文式”,全無英語的味道,要麼就是作文乾巴巴的顯得沒有一點文采。其實英文寫作和漢語寫作在修辭方面還是存在許多共同之處的。要使自己的英語作文顯得有文采,考生就要在英語寫作中嘗試採用有效的修辭手法,下面就介紹幾種修辭方法:

一、比喻(the figures of speech)

比喻是語言藝術的升華。英語中常見的比喻方法有三種:明喻、隱喻和借喻。

1.明喻(the simile)

格式:本體 + 顯著比喻詞(like/as/as if) + 喻體

常用介詞like 、連詞as,as if,asso、動詞seem等以及句型ato b asctod等等表示“好像”意思的比喻說法就叫明喻。

例如:

(1)teacher, you are like the sun, but more magnificent, andmorebrillant. 老師,您像太陽,又比太陽更燦爛更輝煌。

(2)your soul is as pure as snow, your personality is as nobleaspine trees! all praise to you, our belovedteacher.您的心靈像雪一樣純凈,您的人格像青松一般高潔!贊美您,敬愛的老師。

英語中除上述的用介詞、連詞或句型等的明喻表達方式外,還有許多常用的明喻習語。例如:

(1)as clear as crystal清如水晶

(2)as weak as water軟弱無力

這類利用類似漢語的押韻和疊聲增加語言的美感。與此同時,又可以使語言短小精悍,表達生動、形象。

2.隱喻(the metaphor)

格是:本體 + is/are + 喻體

例如:

(1)time is a river, of which memory is the water. oh myfriend,what i scoop up from the river is all yearning ofyou.時間是河、記憶如水,朋友,我從河裡捧起來的都是對你的思念。

(2)time is money. 時間就是金錢。

注意:英語中存在著許多數詞習語和俚語,用作隱喻(也有個別用作明喻)。例如 :

(1)you are one in a million.你真是人見人愛。

(2)he has one over the eight.他酩酊大醉。

(3)this film star is a nine days wonder; i doubt whetheranyonewill remr her in ayearstime.這位電影明星現在紅極一時(也指曇花一現),但我認為一年以後人們不見得還記得她。

注意:英語中還有許多隱喻成語。例如:

(1)to teach fish to swim 班門弄斧

(2)to plough the sand 白費力氣

(3)up the tree騎虎難下;lame ck強弩之末;above board光明正大

3.借喻(the metonymy)

格式:直接用比喻事物代替本體事物

例如:

(1)the buses in america are on strikenow.美國的公共汽車司機正在罷工(這里buses喻指司機drivers)。

(2)the pen is mightier thanthesword.文人勝於武士(以pen,sword喻指使用這物的人)。英語中一些鳥獸魚蟲的名字,除本義外,常可轉借喻人,形象生動,意味雋永。例如:

(1)she is a social butterfly.她是一個交際花(以蟲喻人)。 (接下頁)

二、借代(the synecdoche)

借用一個名稱來代替另一事物。替代的方式可以是人、物互代,部分和全體互代,單數代復數,描象代替具體或具體代替抽象等等。例如:

(1)uncle sam will not help us.美國人不會幫助我們。(用uncle sam代替船美國人本身)

(2)you can depend on him for help whenever youre in tourble.hesa true blue.你遇到麻煩時盡管去找他幫忙,他是一個靠得住的忠實朋友。(用trueblue代替真金烈火,忠誠可靠的)

使用借代修辭方式要選用最突出最明顯的事物特徵來代替事物名稱。借代運用得好,能使語言表達簡潔明快、具體、形象,以避免重復、累贅,並給人以新鮮感。

三、誇張(the exaggeration)

把事物的特徵,有意地加以誇大或縮小,就叫誇張。

例如:

(1)thank you a thousand.千恩萬謝。

英語中誇張修辭格,應用極為頻繁。誇張的功能是突出事物的本質特徵,因而給人強烈印象或警悟、啟發 。

四、擬人(the personifjcation)

就是把無生命的事物人格化。

例如:

(1)books are a guide in youth and an entertainment for age.theysupport us under solitude, and keep us from being a burdentoourselves.書籍是青年人的指南、老年人的娛樂。孤寂時,書籍給我們力量,使我們擺脫精神負擔。

(2)love is the master key that opens the gatesofhappiness.愛是開啟幸福之門的萬能鑰匙。

擬人用法在英語寫作中運用得好,不僅使語言表達得生動、有力,而且給人以親切、實在、耳目一新的感受。

五、排比

把結構相同或相似、語氣一致、意思密切相關聯的句子或句子成分排列起來,使句式得到增強,感情得到加深,這種修辭叫排比。

例如:

(1)you are overwhelming jade, as white as snow, as smoothandmoist as grease, as brilliant as candles, and as firmasrock.你潔白如雪,潤澤如脂,你光輝如燭,堅貞如磐,你是令人傾心的美玉。

(2)you are in my mind and in my heart. you are in the very airibreathe. you are part ofme.forever.你占據了我整個思緒和心靈;你在我呼吸的空氣里;你永遠是我的一部分。

此外,在英語的具體寫作過程當中,我們可以運用恰當的抒情手法來進行寫作,達到以情動人的效果。下面就以2005年6月份四級考試作文為例,進行寫作。

提綱要求:

in honor of teachers on the occasion of teacher’s day

向老師致以節日祝賀

從一件難忘的事回憶老師的教誨和無私的奉獻

我如何回報老師的關愛

範文:dear miss zhang,i’m not the best student of yours, butyou’rethe most respected teacher of mine. on this special occasionforyou, what i can dedicate is my highest consideration andearnestblessings. may you be happy; may all of your life be fullofhappiness, joy as well as sweetness.i still remred clearly thattheday i was crying with a heavy heart because i failed to passtheexamination. i didn’t know what to do and where to go, just likeabird lost its way. teacher, it was you who lighted the beaconofhope in my heart in the dark night. your warm words,affectionateeyes, which dispelled the cold winter from my heart andkindled theflame of hope as well. and i still remred that theplatform, thedesks, the springs and autumns, all witness the flowerpetals ofyour heart. the buds, the seedlings, the spring flowersand fallfruits, all owe to your sincere devotion.in my view, all iwant todo is to make the best of every day, and come a littlecloser towhat i dream of. furthermore, i must not relax my effortsto be thebest i can be and do the best i can do.bestwishes,andy.

D. 把自己比喻成動物英語作文[80字

I want to become extinct animals.Because of this ican read the people taking care to reproce offspring,So that more people to know we ,to let him know should not harm our animals,or to be too late to repent.We live in the same earth.Man should get along with us,not for us to kill.We also want to the generations to live in the earth.
我想要變成已經滅絕的動物.因為這樣我可以經過人們的細心照顧來繁衍後代,讓更多的人來認識我們,要讓他知道不應該傷害我們動物,否則到時候後悔可就來不及了.我們生活在同一個地球,人類應該和我們友好相處,而不是對我們進行捕,我們同樣想世世代代生活在地球上.

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