酶的活性英語怎麼說及英文翻譯

① 求關於酶學方面的生物學英文原文與譯文

Oxidize revivification 酶
Pronounce:yanghuahuanyuanmei
English name:oxidordeuctase
Elucidation:the ability catalyst dichotomy son the occurrence oxidize the generic name of 酶 of restoring the function.Oxidize the 酶 (oxidase;oxydase) ability catalyst material the function been oxidized by the oxygen among them, take off the hydrogen 酶 (dehydrogenase) ability catalyst appurtenance quality member to take off a hydrogenous function.Mainly is existed in cell in.

The ammonia 基 transfers 酶
Transaminase, aminotransfe-rase

Also be called to turn ammonia 酶 .BE the catalyst transfers the ammonia 基 of α -amino acids to the α -酮 the sour formation new 酮 is sour to respond with amino acids of the generic name of 酶 is D.the Needham(1927) discovers in the pigeon chest muscle of the ammonia 基 transfer a function, afterwards A.E.Braunstein and M.G.Kritzmann etc. studied the property of this 酶 , discover almost to all exist this kind of 酶 in all living creatures.Have already known having a valley ammonia sour ammonia 基 transfers 酶 and day ammonia 基 with sour winter ammonia to transfer 酶 to wait various amino acids different ammonia 基 to transfer 酶 especially, the reaction can go against, the living creature which participates amino acids synthesizes.Take the phosphoric acid 吡哆醛 as to assist 酶 .It with with take off to assist the form that the egg white of 基酶 combines to change into the phosphoric acid 吡哆胺 , and the born 酮 is sour.Become amino acids with other 酮s sour reactions, oneself reply to change into phosphoric acid 吡哆醛 .Also have the valley ammonia 醯胺 in the liver, day winter the α -ammonia 基 of the ammonia 醯胺 transfer to transfer 酶 for酮 sour ammonia 基 .
Egg white water solution 酶
(Protease, proteinase)
The catalyst many 肽s or the 酶 of protein water solution know together as, calling egg white 酶 .Extensive cent department among the animal, plant and the germ, category numerous, dissolve a 酶 body to contain quantity in digest way and various cell inside the body of animal is abundant.The egg white 酶's metabolism to machine body and living creature adjust to control an important function.The molecular weight is generally about 2-30,000.
The egg white 酶 can is divided into inside the 肽酶 and the outside 肽酶 according to the part of water solution bottom thing, the former water solves protein middle the 肽 key of the part, the latter then from protein of ammonia 基 or the bitter end of 羧基 graally decline solution amino acids cripple 基 .

The crack matches 酶
The catalyst is removed a certain gene by the bottom thing but remains a pair of reaction of keys, or pass adverse reaction the generic name of the 酶 of reaction that a certain 基 regiment add a double key up

Different 構酶
The different 構酶 also calls the different 構 turns 酶 , is the generic name of 酶 that the catalyst born and different construction responds.It is one of the 酶 classificatory and main category.Can is divided into according to responding a way:differ dissimilitude 構酶 , eliminate 旋酶 , follow anti- and different 構酶 etc..

Synthesize 酶
Won't accompany with gland 苷 decomposition but catalyst of three phosphoric acids to synthesize the 酶 of reaction to be called to synthesize the reaction that the 酶(Synthase) synthesizes a 酶 catalyst to contain ATP etc. 基 quality, respond complications, the ATP resolves for the ADP with positive phosphoric acid or AMP and burnt phosphoric acid

分太少嘹``

原文
氧化還原酶
拼音:yanghuahuanyuanmei
英文名稱：oxidordeuctase
說明:能催化兩分子間發生氧化還原作用的酶的總稱。其中氧化酶（oxidase;oxydase）能催化物質被氧氣所氧化的作用，脫氫酶（dehydrogenase）能催化從物質分子脫去氫的作用。主要存在於細胞中。

氨基轉移酶
transaminase，aminotransfe-rase

也稱為轉氨酶。是催化把α-氨基酸上的氨基轉移給α-酮酸形成新的酮酸和氨基酸反應的酶類之總稱是D．Needham（1927）在鴿胸肌中發現的氨基轉移作用，後來A．E．Braunstein和M．G．Kritzmann等研究了此酶的性質，發現幾乎在所有生物中都存在著這種酶。已知有谷氨酸氨基轉移酶和天冬氨酸氨基轉移酶等各種氨基酸特異的氨基轉移酶，反應是可逆的，參與氨基酸的生物合成。以磷酸吡哆醛為輔酶。它以與脫輔基酶蛋白結合的形式變為磷酸吡哆胺，並生成酮酸。與其他酮酸反應變成氨基酸，本身復變為磷酸吡哆醛。肝臟中也有把谷氨醯胺、天冬氨醯胺上的α-氨基轉移給酮酸的氨基轉移酶。

蛋白水解酶
（protease,proteinase）
催化多肽或蛋白質水解的酶的統稱，簡稱蛋白酶。廣泛分部於動物、植物以及細菌當中，種類繁多，在動物的消化道以及體內各種細胞的溶酶體內含量尤為豐富。蛋白酶對機體的新陳代謝以及生物調控起重要作用。分子量一般在2--3萬左右。
蛋白酶按水解底物的部位可分為內肽酶以及外肽酶，前者水解蛋白質中間部分的肽鍵，後者則自蛋白質的氨基或羧基末端逐步降解氨基酸殘基。

裂合酶
催化由底物除去某個基因而殘留雙鍵的反應、或通過逆反應將某個基團加到雙鍵上去的反應的酶之總稱

異構酶
異構酶亦稱異構化酶,是催化生成異構體反應的酶之總稱。是酶分類上的主要類別之一。根據反應方式可分為:差相異構酶、消旋酶、順反異構酶等。

合成酶
將不伴隨腺苷三磷酸的分解而催化合成反應的酶稱為合成酶(Synthase)合成酶催化的反應含ATP等基質,反應復雜,ATP分解為ADP與正磷酸或AMP與焦磷酸。

② 求一篇關於酶的英文文獻翻譯，急需，追加100分。

Etymology and history

Eard BuchnerAs early as the late 1700s and early 1800s, the digestion of meat by stomach secretions[7] and the conversion of starch to sugars by plant extracts and saliva were known. However, the mechanism by which this occurred had not been identified.[8]

In the 19th century, when studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Louis Pasteur came to the conclusion that this fermentation was catalyzed by a vital force contained within the yeast cells called "ferments", which were thought to function only within living organisms. He wrote that "alcoholic fermentation is an act correlated with the life and organization of the yeast cells, not with the death or putrefaction of the cells."[9]

In 1877, German physiologist Wilhelm Kühne (1837–1900) first used the term enzyme, which comes from Greek ενζυμον, "in leaven", to describe this process.[10] The word enzyme was used later to refer to nonliving substances such as pepsin, and the word ferment was used to refer to chemical activity proced by living organisms.

In 1897, Eard Buchner began to study the ability of yeast extracts that lacked any living yeast cells to ferment sugar. In a series of experiments at the University of Berlin, he found that the sugar was fermented even when there were no living yeast cells in the mixture.[11] He named the enzyme that brought about the fermentation of sucrose "zymase".[12] In 1907, he received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation". Following Buchner's example, enzymes are usually named according to the reaction they carry out. Typically, to generate the name of an enzyme, the suffix -ase is added to the name of its substrate (e.g., lactase is the enzyme that cleaves lactose) or the type of reaction (e.g., DNA polymerase forms DNA polymers).[13]

Having shown that enzymes could function outside a living cell, the next step was to determine their biochemical nature. Many early workers noted that enzymatic activity was associated with proteins, but several scientists (such as Nobel laureate Richard Willstätter) argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis. However, in 1926, James B. Sumner showed that the enzyme urease was a pure protein and crystallized it; Sumner did likewise for the enzyme catalase in 1937. The conclusion that pure proteins can be enzymes was definitively proved by Northrop and Stanley, who worked on the digestive enzymes pepsin (1930), trypsin and chymotrypsin. These three scientists were awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[14]

This discovery that enzymes could be crystallized eventually allowed their structures to be solved by x-ray crystallography. This was first done for lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, saliva and egg whites that digests the coating of some bacteria; the structure was solved by a group led by David Chilton Phillips and published in 1965.[15] This high-resolution structure of lysozyme marked the beginning of the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail.

③ 請問酵素的酶活力，是什麼意思...酵素的質量是用酶活力來衡量的嗎！

酶活力（enzyme activity）也稱為酶活性，是指酶催化一定化學反應的能力。酶活力的大小可用在一定條件下，酶催化某一化學反應的速度來表示，酶催化反應速度愈大，酶活力愈高，反之活力愈低。測定酶活力實際就是測定酶促反應的速度。酶促反應速度可用單位時間內、單位體積中底物的減少量或產物的增加量來表示。在一般的酶促反應體系中，底物往往是過量的，測定初速度時，底物減少量占總量的極少部分，不易准確檢測，而產物則是從無到有，只要測定方法靈敏，就可准確測定。因此一般以測定產物的增量來表示酶促反應速度較為合適.
酶的活力
1.定義 指酶催化一定化學反應的能力。
2.單位 在特定條件下，1分鍾內轉化1微摩爾底物所需的酶量為一個活力單位(U)。溫度規定為25度，其他條件取反應的最適條件。
比活：每毫克酶蛋白所具有的酶活力。單位是u/mg。比活越高則酶越純。
轉化數：每分子酶或每個酶活性中心在單位時間內能催化的底物分子數(TN)。相當於酶反應的速度常數kp。也稱為催化常數（Kcat）。1/kp稱為催化周期。碳酸酐酶是已知轉換數最高的酶之一，高達36×106每分，催化周期為1.7微秒。
3.測定 一般採用測定酶促反應初速度的方法來測定活力，因為此時干擾因素較少，速度保持恆定。反應速度的單位是濃度/單位時間，可用底物減少或產物增加的量來表示。因為產物濃度從無到有，變化較大，而底物往往過量，其變化不易測准，所以多用產物來測定。
參考： http://ke..com/view/212797.htm?fr=ala0

④ 關於酶的英文翻譯有沒有啊

A cell sol catalyzed decomposition of glucose enzyme